Single-Center Retrospective Comparative Study Evaluating the Benefit of Computed Tomography Angiography Prior to Prostatic Artery Embolization.

Purpose: To explore whether a computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the pelvis prior to prostatic artery embolization (PAE) is a beneficial preprocedural planning tool regarding the technical success.

Materials And Methods: Eighty patients with lower urinary tract symptoms treated with PAE were analyzed retrospectively. Forty of these patients received a CTA of the pelvis prior to the procedure (Group A) and were compared to 40 patients who were treated with PAE without prior CT imaging (Group B).

A single-cell atlas of mouse lung development.

Lung organogenesis requires precise timing and coordination to effect spatial organization and function of the parenchymal cells. To provide a systematic broad-based view of the mechanisms governing the dynamic alterations in parenchymal cells over crucial periods of development, we performed a single-cell RNA-sequencing time-series yielding 102,571 epithelial, endothelial and mesenchymal cells across nine time points from embryonic day 12 to postnatal day 14 in mice. Combining computational fate-likelihood prediction with RNA in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence, we explore lineage relationships during the saccular to alveolar stage transition.

Improved Detectability of Brain Stem Ischemia by Combining Axial and Coronal Diffusion-Weighted Imaging.

Background And Purpose: To evaluate the benefit of a coronal diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in addition to standard axial DWI for the detection of brain stem infarctions.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients with symptoms consistent with acute and subacute brain stem infarction who received magnetic resonance imaging, including axial and coronal DWI. Diffusion restrictions were identified by 2 independent raters blinded for the final clinical diagnosis in 3 separate reading steps: axial DWI, coronal DWI, and combined axial and coronal DWI.

Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus: A Review on Talus Osteochondral Injuries, Including Osteochondritis Dissecans.

This is a review on talus osteochondritis dissecans and talus osteochondral lesions. A majority of the osteochondral lesions are associated with trauma while the cause of pure osteochondritis dissecans is still much discussed with a possible cause being repetitive microtraumas associated with vascular disturbances causing subchondral bone necrosis and disability. Symptomatic nondisplaced osteochondral lesions can often be treated conservatively in children and adolescents while such treatment is less successful in adults.

Age-determined expression of priming protease TMPRSS2 and localization of SARS-CoV-2 in lung epithelium.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic has led to millions of cases and hundreds of thousands of deaths. While older adults appear at high risk for severe disease, hospitalizations and deaths due to SARS-CoV-2 among children have been relatively rare. Integrating single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of developing mouse lung with temporally resolved immunofluorescence in mouse and human lung tissue, we found that expression of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein primer TMPRSS2 was highest in ciliated cells and type I alveolar epithelial cells (AT1), and TMPRSS2 expression increased with aging in mice and humans.

Position Paper of the German Society for Interventional Radiology (DeGIR) on Prostatic Artery Embolization.

Background:  In recent years prostate artery embolization (PAE) evolved into a clinically established minimally invasive endovascular treatment option for lower urinary tract symptoms caused by benign prostate syndrome (BPS).

Methods:  In this interdisciplinary position paper, initiated by the steering group for research of the German Society for Interventional Radiology (IR), the method of PAE is presented and discussed in the context of current evidence.

Results:  PAE is a safe IR procedure for the treatment of BPS.

Age-determined expression of priming protease TMPRSS2 and localization of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lung epithelium.

The SARS-CoV-2 novel coronavirus global pandemic (COVID-19) has led to millions of cases and hundreds of thousands of deaths around the globe. While the elderly appear at high risk for severe disease, hospitalizations and deaths due to SARS-CoV-2 among children have been relatively rare. Integrating single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of the developing mouse lung with temporally-resolved RNA-in-situ hybridization (ISH) in mouse and human lung tissue, we found that expression of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein primer was highest in ciliated cells and type I alveolar epithelial cells (AT1), and expression was increased with aging in mice and humans.

Computed tomography findings in patients with primarily unknown causes of severe or recurrent epistaxis.

Objective: In addition to rhinoscopy, computed tomography of paranasal sinuses (CT) may be performed on patients with primary unknown cause of severe epistaxis (SE) or recurrent epistaxis (RE) to further assess the potential cause of bleeding. The aim of this study was to evaluate CT findings during the work-up of intractable epistaxis patients.

Methods: 6937 patients were treated in our emergency department with acute epistaxis between 2009-2018.

Osteochondritis Dissecans of Smaller Joints: The Elbow.

This review presents the current understanding of the etiology, pathogenesis, and how to diagnose and treat osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) at the elbow joint followed by an analysis of particular characteristics and outcomes of the treatment. OCD is seen in patients with open growth plates (juvenile OCD [JOCD] and in adults [AOCD] with closed growth plates [adult OCD). The etiology at smaller joints remains as unclear as for the knee.

Osteochondritis Dissecans: Etiology, Pathology, and Imaging with a Special Focus on the Knee Joint.

This article is a review of the current understanding of the etiology, pathogenesis, and how to diagnose and treat knee osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) followed by an analysis of and outcomes of the treatments available. OCD is seen in children and adolescents with open growth plates (juvenile OCD) and adults with closed growth plates (adult OCD). The etiology of OCD lesions remains unclear and is characterized by an aseptic necrosis in the subchondral bone area.

Diffusion-weighted imaging of the kidneys in haemolytic uraemic syndrome.

Objectives: To evaluate the kidneys of patients with haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and Doppler ultrasound (US) compared with healthy controls.

Materials And Methods: Fifteen patients (mean age 33.3 years; three male; 12 female) with diarrhoea-positive HUS and 15 healthy volunteers were prospectively evaluated with DWI and Doppler US.

Early detection of pulp necrosis and dental vitality after traumatic dental injuries in children and adolescents by 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging.

Objectives: More than 50% of all children suffer a traumatic dental injury (TDI) during childhood. In many cases, dentists apply root canal treatment (RCT), which is performed on an average of 7-10 days after replantation. Our aim was to evaluate whether RCT is necessary in many cases, and whether revitalization of affected teeth is possible and measurable by visualization using 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Evaluation of four different optimized magnetic-resonance-imaging sequences for visualization of dental and maxillo-mandibular structures at 3 T.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate four in-house optimized, non-contrast enhanced sequences for MRI-investigation of maxillo-mandibular and dental structures by use of 3 T.

Methods: 12 volunteers with different dental status were examined by using a 3 T MRI with a 20-channel standard head-and-neck coil. All images performed were evaluated by using 3D-techniques, with different slice-thicknesses, in 3D T1- and T2-weighted sequences, as well as by using new techniques of image depictions.

99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT for assessment of condylar hyperplasia.

We report a case of condylar hyperplasia diagnosed with 99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT. A 21-year-old woman with facial asymmetry was referred for assessment of condylar growth activity. SPECT/CT confirmed condylar hyperactivity, and simultaneous low-dose CT contributed to the diagnosis of hemimandibular hyperplasia.

Diffusion-weighted imaging of the healthy pancreas: ADC values are age and gender dependent.

Purpose: To investigate the healthy pancreas with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for characterization of age and gender-related differences in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values.

Materials And Methods: Sixty six volunteers were prospectively enrolled (33 male, 33 female; range 1.4 to 83.

Age-related distribution of vertebral bone-marrow diffusivity.

Purpose: To determine age-related diffusivity changes of the lumbar bone marrow by measurement of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values.

Materials And Methods: The local ethics committee approved this study and written informed consent was obtained. The study group comprised 88 individuals including 75 healthy volunteers and 13 patients (48 female, 40 male; mean age 36 years, range 0-84 years).

Intraindividual comparison of 123I-mIBG SPECT/MRI, 123I-mIBG SPECT/CT, and MRI for the detection of adrenal pheochromocytoma in patients with elevated urine or plasma catecholamines.

Purpose: To determine the diagnostic performance of ¹²³I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (mIBG) SPECT/MRI fusion, ¹²³I-mIBG SPECT/CT and adrenal MRI for the detection of pheochromocytoma in patients with elevated urine or plasma catecholamines.

Patients And Methods: Twenty-two consecutive patients underwent both a whole-body ¹²³I-mIBG scan with SPECT/CT of the adrenal region and MRI of the adrenal glands. Fused SPECT/MRI, SPECT/CT, and MRI scans were evaluated.

Synchronous bronchioloalveolar and squamous cell lung cancer with different 18F-FDG avidity on PET/CT.

We report a case of synchronous multiple primary lung cancer diagnosed by 18F-FDG PET/CT. A 78-year-old man underwent staging FDG PET/CT that demonstrated intense tracer uptake in the primary, and a second lesion with low uptake. Histopathologic evaluation revealed synchronous squamous cell and bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, representing 2 distinct primaries.

Adrenal epithelioid angiosarcoma metastatic to the epicardium: diagnosis by 18F-FDG PET/CT.

We report a rare case of adrenal epithelioid angiosarcoma metastatic to the epicardium diagnosed by F-FDG PET/CT. A 61-year-old man presented with fatigue, unintentional weight loss, night sweats, and elevated inflammatory markers. FDG PET/CT demonstrated intense uptake in a space-occupying lesion in the right adrenal gland and increased uptake in a lesion adjacent to the heart.

Comparative diagnostic performance of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT versus whole-body MRI for determination of remission status in multiple myeloma after stem cell transplantation.

Objectives: To compare the diagnostic performance of whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WBMRI) versus (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for determination of remission status in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) after stem cell transplantation (SCT).

Methods: Thirty-one patients were examined by both WBMRI and PET/CT after SCT. Imaging results and clinical remission status as determined by the clinical gold standard (Uniform Response Criteria) were compared.

Follow-up of radiologically totally implanted central venous access ports of the upper arm: long-term complications in 127,750 catheter-days.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to retrospectively evaluate radiologically totally implanted central venous access ports (VAPs) of the upper arm in terms of safety, technical feasibility, and device-related complications.

Materials And Methods: Five hundred seven consecutive patients (mean [± SD] age, 59.2 ± 11.

Osteochondritis dissecans of the tarsal navicular bone: a case report.

Osteochondritis dissecans most often affects the convex articular surfaces of the knee, the elbow, and the ankle joints; other sites of manifestation are very rare. Here we report a case of osteochondritis dissecans of the talonavicular joint affecting the concave part of the tarsal navicular bone in a 22-year-old woman, which was successfully treated by surgery, leading to complete recovery. Early diagnosis and surgery in stages of undamaged cartilage may help to prevent disease progression and the development of disabling osteoarthritis in the physiologically heavily loaded talo-navicular joint.

Assessment of aortic root dimensions in patients with suspected Marfan syndrome: intraindividual comparison of contrast-enhanced and non-contrast magnetic resonance angiography with echocardiography.

Purpose: Our purpose was to evaluate intraindividually the performance of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and non-contrast MRA for aortic root diameter measurements and to compare the results with routinely performed echocardiography in patients with suspected Marfan syndrome.

Methods And Materials: Aortic roots were examined prospectively in 51 consecutive patients with suspected Marfan syndrome by using contrast-enhanced MRA and non-contrast MRA at 1.5 T.

18F-FDG PET/CT for detection and localization of residual or recurrent disease in patients with multiple myeloma after stem cell transplantation.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the diagnostic performance of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT for the detection and localization of residual or recurrent disease in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) after stem cell transplantation.

Methods: A total of 197 whole-body (18)F-FDG PET/CT scans were performed in 99 patients with MM at different time points in the course of disease after autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Post-transplant PET/CT scans and clinical remission status as determined by the clinical gold standard (Uniform Response Criteria) were analysed and compared.

Feasibility of 11C-acetate PET/CT for imaging of fatty acid synthesis in the atherosclerotic vessel wall.

Unlabelled: Fatty acids are a common constituent of atherosclerotic plaque and may be synthesized in the plaque itself. Fatty acid synthesis requires acetyl-coenzyme-A (CoA) as a main substrate, which is produced from acetate. Currently, (11)C-acetate PET/CT is used for the evaluation of malignancies.