Ultrasound-guided multiple-injection costotransverse block for mastectomy and primary reconstructive surgery. A study protocol.

Background: Post-operative pain amelioration following breast cancer surgery is inconsistent. The novel multiple-injection costotransverse block (MICB) mimics the thoracic paravertebral block by possible anaesthetising the ventral rami of the thoracic spinal nerves and the sympathetic trunk. Proof of concept has been determined in a cadaveric study and needs further clinical testing.

Transmuscular quadratus lumborum block for percutaneous nephrolithotomy: Study protocol for a dose-finding trial.

Background: The objective of this trial is to optimize the transmuscular quadratus lumborum (TQL) block, by investigating the minimal effective volume (MEV ) of ropivacaine 0.75% for single-shot TQL block in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) patients.

Methods: This double-blind, randomized and controlled dose-finding trial is based on a biased coin up-and-down sequential design, where the volume of local anaesthetic administered to each patient depends on the response from the previous one.