Microelectronic array devices and techniques for electric field enhanced DNA hybridization in low-conductance buffers.

A variety of electronic DNA array devices and techniques have been developed that allow electric field enhanced hybridization to be carried out under special low-conductance conditions. These devices include both planar microelectronic DNA array/chip devices as well as electronic microtiter plate-like devices. Such "active" electronic devices are able to provide controlled electric (electrophoretic) fields that serve as a driving force to move and concentrate nucleic acid molecules (DNA/RNA) to selected microlocation test-sites on the device.

Surface Modification of Porous Silicon by Electrochemical Reduction of Organo Halides.

Functionalization of hydride-terminated porous and single-crystal silicon surfaces with organic species is accomplished by electrochemical reduction of organo iodides and organo bromides (see scheme). This new method is fast and efficient, and achieves high surface coverage with functionalized and nonfunctionalized alkyl and benzyl groups within minutes.