Evaluating Strategies for Adaptation to Climate Change in Grapevine Production-A Systematic Review.

In many areas of the world, maintaining grapevine production will require adaptation to climate change. While rigorous evaluations of adaptation strategies provide decision makers with valuable insights, those that are published often overlook major constraints, ignore local adaptive capacity, and suffer from a compartmentalization of disciplines and scales. The objective of our study was to identify current knowledge of evaluation methods and their limitations, reported in the literature.

Evolution of Analytical Sciences in the United States: A Historical Account.

The current teaching and practice of analytical chemistry reflect the evolution of measurement science over time. Qualitative and quantitative measurements can be traced back to prebiblical times, have been important throughout human history, and today are key to the functioning of a modern society. This review is designed to provide a brief overview of the evolution of analytical science and a summary of the evolution, development, and growth of analytical chemistry in the United States, with emphasis on developments up to the mid-twentieth century.

Evaluation of a decision support strategy for the control of powdery mildew, Erysiphe necator (Schw.) Burr., in grapevine in the central region of Chile.

Background: The primary strategy to control powdery mildew in Chilean vineyards involves periodic fungicide spraying, which may lead to many environmental and human health risks. This study aimed to implement and evaluate the effectiveness and economic feasibility of a novel decision support strategy (DSS) to limit the number of treatments against this pathogen. An experiment was conducted between the 2010 and 2013 seasons in two irrigated vine fields, one containing a cultivar of Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) and the other a cultivar of Chardonnay (CH).

Primary and Secondary Yield Losses Caused by Pests and Diseases: Assessment and Modeling in Coffee.

The assessment of crop yield losses is needed for the improvement of production systems that contribute to the incomes of rural families and food security worldwide. However, efforts to quantify yield losses and identify their causes are still limited, especially for perennial crops. Our objectives were to quantify primary yield losses (incurred in the current year of production) and secondary yield losses (resulting from negative impacts of the previous year) of coffee due to pests and diseases, and to identify the most important predictors of coffee yields and yield losses.

Talanta, JFIA, and ICFIA/JAFIA--A history.

The Winter Conference on Flow Injection Analysis (WCFIA) began in 1989, and became the International Conference on Flow Injection Analysis, when merging with the Japanese Association for Flow Injection Analysis (JAFIA) in 1995. Talanta has published special issues on the conference since 1995. Beginning in 2013, accepted manuscripts are published in regular issues of Talanta, and a virtual special issue of all manuscripts is compiled for access online.

A historical account of conferences devoted to flow methods in analytical chemistry--International Conference on Flow Analysis (FA) and International Conference on Flow Injection Analysis (ICFIA).

Flow methods of analysis represent one of the most studied and practiced areas of analytical chemistry. Two major international conferences are regularly held devoted to these methods. The International Conference on Flow Analysis (FA) began in 1979, and the International Conference on Flow Injection Analysis (ICFIA) began in 1989, originally as the Winter Conference on Flow Injection Analysis (WCFIA).

Exploiting guava leaf extract as an alternative natural reagent for flow injection determination of iron.

Guava leaf extract is utilized as an alternative natural reagent for quantification of iron. The flow injection technique enables the use of the extract in acetate buffer solution without the need of further purification. Some properties of the extract such as its stability and ability to form a colored complex with iron were studied.

Review on screening and analysis techniques for hemoglobin variants and thalassemia.

Thalassemia involves gene mutation that causes the production of an insufficient amount of normal structure globin chains while Hb variant involves gene mutation that causes the change in type or number of amino acid of the globin chain. It has been reported that some 200 million people worldwide had hemoglobinopathies of some sort. Attempts to develop effective and economical techniques for screening and analysis of thalassemia and Hb variants have become very important.

Flow injection in-valve-mini-column pretreatment combined with ion chromatography for cadmium, lead and zinc determination.

A flow injection (FI) in-valve-mini-column packed with Chelex-100 resin is proposed for on-line sample pretreatment for some metal ions, namely, Cd(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II), prior to simultaneous determination using ion chromatography (IC). A solution containing a mixture of the cations was first passed through the in-valve-mini-column, followed by on-line elution. The eluate was then flowed further to an injection valve and was injected into an ion chromatograph.

Sequential injection analysis with dynamic surface tension detection High throughput analysis of the interfacial properties of surface-active samples.

A sequential injection analysis (SIA) system is coupled with dynamic surface tension detection (DSTD) for the purpose of studying the interfacial properties of surface-active samples. DSTD is a novel analyzer based upon a growing drop method, utilizing a pressure sensor measurement of drop pressure. The pressure signal depends on the surface tension properties of sample solution drops that grow and detach at the end of a capillary tip.

Characterization and use of a Raman liquid-core waveguide sensor using preconcentration principles.

A novel Raman sensor using a liquid-core optical waveguide is reported, implementing a Teflon-AF 2400 tube filled with water. An aqueous analyte mixture of benzene, toluene and p-xylene was introduced using a 1000 microl sample loop to the liquid-core waveguide (LCW) sensor and the analytes were preconcentrated on the inside surface of the waveguide tubing. The analytes were then eluted from the waveguide using an acetonitrile-water solvent mixture injected via a 30 microl eluting solvent loop.

Sequential injection redox or acid-base titration for determination of ascorbic acid or acetic acid.

Two sequential injection titration systems with spectrophotometric detection have been developed. The first system for determination of ascorbic acid was based on redox reaction between ascorbic acid and permanganate in an acidic medium and lead to a decrease in color intensity of permanganate, monitored at 525 nm. A linear dependence of peak area obtained with ascorbic acid concentration up to 1200 mg l(-1) was achieved.

Simple sequential injection analysis systems with a dynamic surface tension detector.

Simple sequential injection analysis systems with DSTD (SIA/DSTD) have been developed. One was employed for the study of the effects of the ion contents in solutions to the dynamic surface pressure of ionic surfactants. The results from the studies show the possibility for an alternative simple fast screening, but also a sensitive procedure for water quality determination.