Autoimmune blistering disorders and cardiovascular risks: A population-based cohort study.

Background: Autoimmune blistering disorders (ABDs) might elevate cardiovascular risk, but studies are lacking.

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine if ABDs elevate the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, heart failure, arrhythmia, venous thromboembolism, and cardiovascular death.

Methods: A population-based cohort of Danish patients with ABD (≥18 years of age) diagnosed during 1996-2021 (n = 3322) was compared with an age- and sex-matched comparison cohort from the general population (n = 33,195).

Transesophageal echocardiography of cardiac function in Nile crocodiles - A novel tool for assessing complex hemodynamic patterns.

Background: The crocodilian heart is unique among reptiles with its four-chambered structure and complete intracardiac separation of pulmonary and systemic blood flows and pressures. Crocodiles have retained two aortic arches; one from each ventricle, that communicate via Foramen of Panizza, immediately distally from the aortic valves. Moreover, crocodiles can regulate vascular resistance in the pulmonary portion of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT).