Internal exposure, effect monitoring, and lung function in welders after acute short-term exposure to welding fumes from different welding processes.

Objective: In this study, the effect of short-term exposure to welding fumes emitted by different welding techniques on workers was investigated.

Methods: In a 3-fold crossover study, six welders used three different welding techniques for 3 hours. Before and after welding, blood and urine samples were collected to perform biomonitoring of metals.