Comprehensive multi-gas study by means of fiber-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for the investigation of nitrogen cycle processes.

The extensive use of synthetic fertilizers has led to a considerable increase in reactive nitrogen input into agricultural and natural systems, resulting in negative effects in multiple ecosystems, the so-called nitrogen cascade. Since the global population relies on fertilization for food production, synthetic fertilizer use needs to be optimized by balancing crop yield and reactive nitrogen losses. Fiber-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (FERS) is introduced as a unique method for the simultaneous quantification of multiple gases to the study processes related to the nitrogen cycle.

Isotopomeric Peak Assignment for NO in Cross-Labeling Experiments by Fiber-Enhanced Raman Multigas Spectroscopy.

Human intervention in nature, especially fertilization, greatly increased the amount of NO emission. While nitrogen fertilizer is used to improve nitrogen availability and thus plant growth, one negative side effect is the increased emission of NO. Successful regulation and optimization strategies require detailed knowledge of the processes producing NO in soil.

Spectrally Resolved and Highly Parallelized Raman Difference Spectroscopy for the Analysis of Drug-Target Interactions between the Antimalarial Drug Chloroquine and Hematin.

Malaria is a severe disease caused by cytozoic parasites of the genus , which infiltrate and infect red blood cells. Several drugs have been developed to combat the devastating effects of malaria. Antimalarials based on quinolines inhibit the crystallization of hematin into hemozoin within the parasite, ultimately leading to its demise.

Towards therapeutic drug monitoring of antibiotic levels - analyzing the pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin using DUV-resonance Raman spectroscopy.

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) plays an important role in clinical practice. Here, pharmacokinetics has a decisive influence on the effective antibiotic concentration during treatment. Moreover, different kinetics exist for different administration forms.

Parallelized Raman Difference Spectroscopy for the Investigation of Chemical Interactions.

Raman spectroscopy provides an extremely high chemical selectivity. Raman difference spectroscopy is a technique to reveal even the smallest differences that occur due to weak interactions between substances and changes in the molecular structure. To enable parallelized and highly sensitive Raman difference spectroscopy in a microtiter-array, a diffractive optical element, a lens array, and a fiber bundle were integrated into a Raman spectroscopy setup in a unique fashion.

Hydrogen and C2-C6 Alkane Sensing in Complex Fuel Gas Mixtures with Fiber-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy.

Power-to-gas is a heavily discussed option to store surplus electricity from renewable sources. Part of the generated hydrogen could be fed into the gas grid and lead to fluctuations in the composition of the fuel gas. Consequently, both operators of transmission networks and end users would need to frequently monitor the gas to ensure safety as well as optimal and stable operation.

Fiber-Enhanced Raman Gas Spectroscopy for the Study of Microbial Methanogenesis.

Microbial methanogenesis is a key biogeochemical process in the carbon cycle that is responsible for 70% of global emissions of the potent greenhouse gas methane (CH). Further knowledge about microbial methanogenesis is crucial to mitigate emissions, increase climate model accuracy, or advance methanogenic biogas production. The current understanding of the substrate use of methanogenic microbes is limited, especially regarding the methylotrophic pathway.

Rapid Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of Stress Induced Degradation of the Pharmaceutical Drug Tetracycline.

Stress factors caused by inadequate storage can induce the unwanted degradation of active compounds in pharmaceutical formulations. Resonance Raman spectroscopy is presented as an analytical tool for rapid monitoring of small concentration changes of tetracycline and the metabolite 4-epianhydrotetracycline. These degradation processes were experimentally induced by changes in temperature, humidity, and irradiation with visible light over a time period of up to 23 days.

Counterfeit and Substandard Test of the Antimalarial Tablet Riamet by Means of Raman Hyperspectral Multicomponent Analysis.

The fight against counterfeit pharmaceuticals is a global issue of utmost importance, as failed medication results in millions of deaths every year. Particularly affected are antimalarial tablets. A very important issue is the identification of substandard tablets that do not contain the nominal amounts of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), and the differentiation between genuine products and products without any active ingredient or with a false active ingredient.

Vibrational spectroscopic characterization of arylisoquinolines by means of Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations.

Promising new antimalarial agents were investigated using FT-NIR and deep-UV resonance Raman spectroscopy. The Raman spectra of the seven arylisoquinolines (AIQ) were calculated with the help of density functional theory (DFT). Very good agreement with the experimental data was achieved and a convincing mode assignment was performed with the help of the calculated potential energy distribution (PED).

Ultrasensitive Detection of Antiseptic Antibiotics in Aqueous Media and Human Urine Using Deep UV Resonance Raman Spectroscopy.

Deep UV resonance Raman spectroscopy is introduced as an analytical tool for ultrasensitive analysis of antibiotics used for empirical treatment of patients with sepsis and septic shock, that is, moxifloxacin, meropenem, and piperacillin in aqueous solution and human urine. By employing the resonant excitation wavelengths λ = 244 nm and λ = 257 nm, only a small sample volume and short acquisition times are needed. For a better characterization of the matrix urine, the main ingredients were investigated.

Fiber enhanced Raman spectroscopic analysis as a novel method for diagnosis and monitoring of diseases related to hyperbilirubinemia and hyperbiliverdinemia.

Fiber enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy (FERS) is introduced for chemically selective and ultrasensitive analysis of the biomolecules hematin, hemoglobin, biliverdin, and bilirubin. The abilities for analyzing whole intact, oxygenated erythrocytes are proven, demonstrating the potential for the diagnosis of red blood cell related diseases, such as different types of anemia and hemolytic disorders. The optical fiber enables an efficient light-guiding within a miniaturized sample volume of only a few micro-liters and provides a tremendously improved analytical sensitivity (LODs of 0.