Safety and accuracy of blind vs. ultrasound-guided dorsal retrobulbar nerve blocks in horses-A cadaveric study.

Objective: There is limited knowledge regarding the safety and accuracy of ultrasound-guided retrobulbar nerve blocks in horses. The aim of this study was to compare these parameters between blind and ultrasound-guided injection techniques for the dorsal retrobulbar nerve block in horses.

Methods: Equine cadaver heads were used to inject the retrobulbar space with contrast medium (CM).

The effect of neuraxial morphine on postoperative pain in dogs after extrahepatic portosystemic shunt attenuation.

Objective: To investigate the analgesic effect of epidural morphine after surgical extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (EHPSS) attenuation.

Study Design: Randomized clinical trial.

Animals: A total of 20 dogs with a congenital EHPSS.