Retrograde aortic approach for atrial fibrillation ablation with a conventional 3-D mapping catheter: A case report.

The presence of a Gore-Tex patch can create difficulty in performing transeptal puncture for atrial septal defect patients underwent atrial fibrillation ablation. The maneuverability and stability of using manually operated catheters via retrograde aortic approach could be overcome by a large-curved catheter to form a loop facilitating approachability to all parts of left atrium.

Right coronary artery fistula with giant pseudoaneurysm presenting as intrapericardial mass.

Coronary artery fistulas are rare congenital anomalies usually discovered incidentally on imaging studies. Coronary artery pseudoaneurysms are unusual complications of coronary artery fistulas, which can be due to atherosclerosis, inflammatory, traumatic or iatrogenic causes. We present a case of a 55 year old female with no known atherosclerotic risk factors, history of trauma or connective tissue disease referred because of recurrent palpitations.