Rapid and Complete Remission of Metastatic Adrenocortical Carcinoma Persisting 10 Years After Treatment With Mitotane Monotherapy: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Mitotane has been used for more than 5 decades as therapy for adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). However its mechanism of action and the extent of tumor response remain incompletely understood. To date no cases of rapid and complete remission of metastatic ACC with mitotane monotherapy has been reported.

¹⁸F-FDG-PET imaging in radiotherapy tumor volume delineation in treatment of head and neck cancer.

Purpose: To determine the impact of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) in radiotherapy target delineation and patient management for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) compared to computed tomography (CT) alone.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-nine patients with HNSCC were included. CT and PET/CT obtained for treatment planning purposes were reviewed respectively by a neuroradiologist and a nuclear medicine specialist who were blinded to the findings from each other.

The relationship between patients' serum glucose levels and metabolically active brown adipose tissue detected by PET/CT.

Purpose: To compare blood glucose levels in patients with or without "detectable" brown adipose tissue (BAT) using 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT).

Procedures: Nine hundred eight patients had PET/CT scans and were previously identified as having, or not having, FDG uptake in BAT. The original database was retrospectively reviewed for blood glucose level and body mass index (BMI) at the time of imaging.

Altered biodistribution on FDG-PET with emphasis on brown fat and insulin effect.

(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is the radiotracer used in the vast majority of positron emission tomography (PET) cancer studies. FDG is a powerful radiotracer that provides valuable data in many cancer types. Normal FDG biodistribution is easily identified.

Imaging uterine cervical cancer with FDG-PET/CT: direct comparison with PET.

Purpose: To compare 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-D-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and PET/computed tomography (CT) for certainty of image interpretation and for diagnostic accuracy in patients with primary and metastatic uterine cervical cancer.

Materials And Methods: Images of 13 patients with cervical cancer having PET/CT examinations were reviewed retrospectively. PET and PET/CT images of all cases were read blindly and randomly by two readers.

Impact of intravenous insulin on 18F-FDG PET in diabetic cancer patients.

Unlabelled: The aims of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of a standardized insulin protocol in reducing glycemia, review (18)F-FDG biodistribution with such a protocol, and assess its clinical impact.

Methods: Sixty-three patients with glycemia greater than 10 mmol/L received insulin doses intravenously according to a standardized protocol. One hundred six consecutive euglycemic patients (<6.

Chilaiditi sign on FDG-PET.

A 66-year-old woman with a history of endometrial cancer underwent a F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). Abnormal uptake was noted in the right lower chest. CT scan showed a loop of colon interposed between the liver and the diaphragm, an entity known as the Chilaiditi sign.

Direct comparison of FDG PET and CT findings in patients with lymphoma: initial experience.

Purpose: To retrospectively compare fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomographic (PET) and computed tomographic (CT) findings at the same anatomic locations in patients with lymphoma by using a combined PET/CT scanner and to analyze the lesions on metabolic and anatomic bases to evaluate causes of discrepant findings between the two modalities.

Materials And Methods: The institutional review board allowed an exempt retrospective review of cancer PET database, and informed consent was waived. The study was HIPAA compliant.

Initial experience with FDG-PET/CT in the evaluation of breast cancer.

Purpose: We retrospectively reviewed FDG-PET/CT images in patients with breast cancer to determine whether PET/CT improved the level of diagnostic confidence as compared with PET and to compare PET/CT and CT findings at the location of suspected malignancies.

Methods: The study included 75 patients with known breast cancer. The initial PET/CT study for each patient was retrospectively reviewed to determine whether improved diagnostic confidence (IDC) regarding lesion localization and characterization was observed with PET/CT as compared with PET alone.

CT appearance of bone metastases detected with FDG PET as part of the same PET/CT examination.

Purpose: To retrospectively evaluate lesion findings at computed tomography (CT) performed as part of a combined positron emission tomography (PET)/CT examination in patients suspected of having metastatic bone lesions-lesions that were detected with fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET as part of the same examination-and to correlate the CT and FDG PET findings.

Materials And Methods: This HIPAA-compliant study had institutional review board approval, and the need for patient informed consent was waived. Three hundred fifty-nine consecutive patients (191 male patients, 168 female patients; mean age, 56.

Clinically significant incidental findings on the unenhanced CT portion of PET/CT studies: frequency in 250 patients.

Unlabelled: PET/CT technology is in rapid evolution. It remains unclear if the unenhanced CT portion, performed for attenuation correction and lesion localization, provides additional independent diagnostic information not apparent on PET alone. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the incremental added value and frequency of potentially clinically significant incidental findings from the independent reading of the unenhanced CT portion of PET/CT studies by an expert CT radiologist.

Normal FDG distribution patterns in the head and neck: PET/CT evaluation.

Purpose: To retrospectively evaluate the distribution of fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in the head and neck region with combined positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) in patients with no known abnormality in this region.

Materials And Methods: The institutional review board allowed a retrospective review of PET/CT images obtained in 78 patients with non-head and neck cancer and waived the requirement for informed consent. The accumulation of FDG in 11 normal head and neck structures was visually and quantitatively assessed retrospectively.

F-18 FDG PET/CT in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a case report.

F-18 FDG PET/CT has become a useful technique in the evaluation of pulmonary lesions. We present a case of markedly increased and diffuse pulmonary F-18 FDG activity in a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). High rates of glucose utilization by the inflammatory cells involved in the pathogenesis of ARDS might explain the increased pulmonary F-18 FDG uptake we observed.

Intense (18)F-FDG uptake in brown fat can be reduced pharmacologically.

Unlabelled: Physiologic (18)F-FDG uptake in areas of supraclavicular fat in humans ("USA-Fat") has recently been recognized as (18)F-FDG uptake in apparent brown adipose tissue (BAT) using fused PET/CT technology. In this study, we evaluated (18)F-FDG uptake in BAT of rats to determine whether pharmacologic or physiologic interventions affect the uptake, knowing that BAT has a high density of adrenergic innervation.

Methods: Seven- to 8-wk-old female Lewis rats receiving intravenous (18)F-FDG injections were examined under various conditions to evaluate (18)F-FDG biodistribution into interscapular BAT and major organs.

PET/CT: artifacts caused by bowel motion.

Background And Aim: In a combined positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) system, the CT images can be used for attenuation correction as well as for image fusion. However, quantitative and qualitative differences have been reported between CT based attenuation corrected PET and conventional transmission scan corrected PET images. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential differences in PET/CT caused by attenuation differences in bowel due to motion.

PET-CT in recurrent ovarian cancer: initial observations.

Noninvasive diagnosis of early recurrence of ovarian cancer is challenging due to the small size of peritoneal metastases. Small-volume disease may not be evident at anatomic imaging in patients with elevated serum tumor markers. Functional imaging in the form of positron emission tomography (PET) can help identify patients with recurrent tumor.

Recombinant human thyrotropin stimulation of fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography uptake in well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

TSH stimulates thyrocyte metabolism, glucose transport, and glycolysis. 2-Deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) is a glucose analog used in positron emission tomography (PET) to detect occult well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of recombinant human TSH (rTSH) on FDG PET uptake in patients with residual or recurrent disease.

Direct comparison of (18)F-FDG PET and PET/CT in patients with colorectal carcinoma.

Unlabelled: The purpose of this study was to compare (18)F-FDG PET and PET/CT in a population of patients with colorectal cancer.

Methods: PET and PET/CT images from 45 patients (17 women, 28 men; mean age +/- SD, 60.8 +/- 11.

Fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the aortic wall at PET/CT: possible finding for active atherosclerosis.

Purpose: To evaluate fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in the thoracic aortic wall at combined positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) and compare uptake with aortic wall calcification.

Materials And Methods: Records of 85 consecutive cancer patients who underwent FDG PET/CT were evaluated retrospectively. One hour after FDG injection, CT followed by PET was performed from ear to middle of the thigh.

Sacral fractures: a potential pitfall of FDG positron emission tomography.

Objective: Positron emission tomography (PET) with FDG is useful for tumor imaging, but false-positive results can occur. The purpose of this study is to describe three oncology patients with sacral fractures in whom FDG uptake in the sacrum increased on PET.

Conclusion: Sacral fractures can show increased uptake of FDG on PET.

Quantitative evaluation of 2-deoxy-2-[18F] fluoro-D-glucose uptake in hepatic metastases with combined PET-CT: iterative reconstruction with CT attenuation correction versus filtered back projection with 68Germanium attenuation correction.

Purpose: Iterative reconstruction (IR) is a statistical reconstruction method that may be influenced by high background activity such as in the liver. Recently developed combined positron emission tomography (PET) and computerized tomography (CT) instrumentation utilizes CT attenuation correction that may also differ compared to 68Germanium (68Ge) segmented attenuation correction (IR SAC). Quantitative differences could affect the clinical interpretation of metastatic foci and subsequent response to therapy.

Clinically occult recurrent ovarian cancer: patient selection for secondary cytoreductive surgery using combined PET/CT.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of combined positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for identifying ovarian cancer tumor masses > or =1 cm in patients with clinically occult recurrent disease by conventional CT imaging.

Methods: Twenty-two patients with epithelial ovarian cancer, rising serum CA125 levels, and negative or equivocal conventional CT imaging > or =6 months after primary therapy underwent combined PET/CT imaging followed by surgical reassessment. Fisher's exact test was used to measure the ability of PET/CT to predict macroscopic disease > or =1 cm.

Applications of positron emission tomography/computed tomography image fusion in clinical positron emission tomography-clinical use, interpretation methods, diagnostic improvements.

Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scanners with combined dedicated high performance PET and CT scanners have been introduced recently in PET imaging. Oncological imaging with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is currently the dominant application of PET. The addition of CT to PET offers many advantages, including obtaining a fast and relatively low-noise transmission scan, shortening the duration of the examination, adding precise anatomical information to FDG imaging, and providing additional diagnostic information.

"USA-Fat": prevalence is related to ambient outdoor temperature-evaluation with 18F-FDG PET/CT.

Unlabelled: Increased (18)F-FDG activity in fatty tissue has previously been reported with PET/CT. We previously named this activity uptake in supraclavicular area fat ("USA-Fat"). We and others have speculated that this uptake exists in metabolically active brown adipose tissue (BAT).