Redistribution of the Novel Clostridioides difficile Spore Adherence Receptor E-Cadherin by TcdA and TcdB Increases Spore Binding to Adherens Junctions.

Clostridioides difficile causes antibiotic-associated diseases in humans, ranging from mild diarrhea to severe pseudomembranous colitis and death. A major clinical challenge is the prevention of disease recurrence, which affects nearly ~20 to 30% of the patients with a primary C. difficile infection (CDI).

Entry of spores into intestinal epithelial cells contributes to recurrence of Clostridioides difficile infection.

Clostridioides difficile spores produced during infection are important for the recurrence of the disease. Here, we show that C. difficile spores gain entry into the intestinal mucosa via pathways dependent on host fibronectin-αβ and vitronectin-αβ.

Identification of Escherichia coli strains for the heterologous overexpression of soluble Clostridium difficile exosporium proteins.

Clostridium difficile infections are one of the leading causes of hospital-acquired infections. C. difficile spores are considered the morphotype of transmission and recurrent infection due to its natural spore resistance properties.

Characterization of the collagen-like exosporium protein, BclA1, of Clostridium difficile spores.

Spores of Clostridium difficile are essential for infection, persistence and transmission of C. difficile infections (CDI). Proteins of the surface of C.

Clostridium difficile spore-macrophage interactions: spore survival.

Background: Clostridium difficile is the main cause of nosocomial infections including antibiotic associated diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis and toxic megacolon. During the course of Clostridium difficile infections (CDI), C. difficile undergoes sporulation and releases spores to the colonic environment.