3D Environment Is Required In Vitro to Demonstrate Altered Bone Metabolism Characteristic for Type 2 Diabetics.

A large British study, with almost 3000 patients, identified diabetes as main risk factor for delayed and nonunion fracture healing, the treatment of which causes large costs for the health system. In the past years, much progress has been made to treat common complications in diabetics. However, there is still a lack of advanced strategies to treat diabetic bone diseases.

Primary Human Chondrocytes Affected by Cigarette Smoke-Therapeutic Challenges.

Although several researchers have attested deleterious effects of smoking to the musculoskeletal system, the association between smoking and the onset of osteoarthritis (OA) remains unclear. Here, we investigate the effect of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on primary human chondrocytes. The present study demonstrates that physiological concentrations of CSE (0.

Impact of Four Protein Additives in Cryogels on Osteogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (Ad-MSCs) have great potential for bone tissue engineering. Cryogels, mimicking the three-dimensional structure of spongy bone, represent ideal carriers for these cells. We developed poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) cryogels, containing hydroxyapatite to mimic inorganic bone matrix.

Nicotine and Cotinine Inhibit Catalase and Glutathione Reductase Activity Contributing to the Impaired Osteogenesis of SCP-1 Cells Exposed to Cigarette Smoke.

Cigarette smoking has been identified as a major risk factor for osteoporosis decades ago. Several studies have shown a direct relationship between cigarette smoking, decreased bone mineral density, and impaired fracture healing. However, the mechanisms behind impaired fracture healing and cigarette smoking are yet to be elucidated.

Resveratrol protects primary cilia integrity of human mesenchymal stem cells from cigarette smoke to improve osteogenic differentiation in vitro.

Several studies have explored the negative effects of cigarette smoke on bone healing; however, the complex pathogenesis still remains unclear. One crucial and primary factor determining effective fracture repair is the recruitment and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into bone-forming cells. Recently, primary cilia, microtubule-based sensory organelles, have been shown to be critical in lineage commitment and differentiation of MSCs.

[Implantation of a Modular Distal Femoral Replacement with Compressive Osseointegration as a Salvage Procedure in a Complex Femoral Posttraumatic Setting].

Background: Large bone defects and losses play a crucial role in both tumour surgery and in complex primary and revision total knee replacement. The established options of cemented or uncemented long intramedullary stems are limited by large bone defects and are at risk from relatively high exposure to aseptic loosening. There is no general valid agreement on implant fixation of the distal femur.

Steroids that induce lung maturation acutely affect higher cortical function: a fetal magnetoencephalography study.

Objective: To investigate whether steroids that induce lung maturation have acute effects on higher cortical function in the human fetus.

Methods: Cortical auditory-evoked responses (CAERs) were recorded from 10 singleton fetuses between 29 and 34 gestational weeks by fetal magnetoencephalography (fMEG) using transabdominal auditory stimulation prior to and within 3 hours after administering 2 × 12 mg of betamethasone, at an interval of 18 and 24 hours.

Results: The components of the CAER complex were categorized according to their latency: P2pm (186 + 20 ms, 90%), N2pm (260 + 34 ms, 50%), P3pm (474 + 36, 50%).

Prenatal evidence of left-right asymmetries in auditory evoked responses using fetal magnetoencephalography.

Auditory evoked responses between right- and left-hemispheric derivations were investigated in 53 recordings from fetuses in the third trimester using fetal magnetoencephalography (fMEG). The side-different latency development of the component P2pm suggests an earlier maturation of certain right than homologous left hemispheric brain areas during fetal brain development.