Public Health.

Background: Early life-course exposome, including area-based social disadvantage, may influence the development of cognitive reserve, thereby impacting later-life incidence of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD). The primary goal of this scoping review is to evaluate the extent of literature examining early-life exposure to area-based disadvantage and its association with structural neuroanatomical differences. A secondary goal is to examine the commonalities in brain regions impacted as well as the components of the exposure-metrics utilized to study the social exposome.

Potential nuances in renoprotective properties of estrogen in females.

A current study by Kitai et al. found that ovariectomy before estrogen/female sex hormone sensitization at puberty provided protection against kidney ischemia reperfusion injury, challenging the general consensus within the field that estrogen provides renoprotective function. These results are intriguing and could have important clinical implications, while requiring some clarification and substantiation of the conclusions reported.

Comparison of Adaptive and Nonadaptive Gap Detection in Noise Test in Typically Developing Children and Adults.

Purpose:  The purpose of this study is to examine whether the gap detection thresholds (GDT) obtained are similar between an adaptive and nonadaptive procedure in children and adults.

Study Design:  Standard group comparison.

Study Sample:  Eighteen typically developing children and 20 young adults with hearing thresholds of 25 dB HL or lower participated in this study.

Efficacy and Safety of Fluocinolone Acetonide 0.19 mg Intravitreal Implant for the Treatment of Non-Infectious Uveitis: A Systematic Review of Real-World Evidence.

This systematic review evaluates the real-world efficacy and safety of the 0.19 mg fluocinolone acetonide (FAc) sustained-release intravitreal implant for treating non-infectious uveitis affecting the posterior segment of the eye (NIU-PS). Following PRISMA guidelines, a search was conducted in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science, with the latest update on September 20, 2024.

Management of twin-reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence is a rare complication of monochorionic twin pregnancies characterized by placental anastomoses between a normally developed twin and an acardiac mass. Though several treatment modalities exist, the optimal management strategy is unclear. This study aims to compare the various treatment strategies for TRAP sequence.

Effect of carrot intake on glucose tolerance, microbiota, and gene expression in a type 2 diabetes mouse model.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathophysiology involves insulin resistance (IR) and inadequate insulin secretion. Current T2D management includes dietary adjustments and/or oral medications such as thiazolidinediones (TZDs). Carrots have shown to contain bioactive acetylenic oxylipins that are partial agonists of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (Pparg) that mimic the antidiabetic effect of TZDs without any adverse effects.

Stress-Induced Ultrasonic Vocalization in Laboratory Rats and Mice: A Scoping Review.

: Ultrasonic vocalization (USV) can indicate affective states-including psychosocial stress-in mice and rats. However, stress-induced USV changes could be confounded by laboratory experimental variables such as the type of behavioral stress paradigm, the elicitation method, rodent strain, etc. We sought to provide a review of the current literature to delineate how psychosocial stress-altered rodent USVs may be affected by factors of age, sex, strain, species, elicitation paradigm, and stressor.

Females' Engagement in Offline and Online Sexual Offending and Their Interactions With the Criminal Justice System: A Gender and Age Comparison.

This study aimed to extend limited extant knowledge of female-perpetrated sexual offenses, including child sexual abuse material (CSAM) offenses, that enter the criminal justice system. Sexual offenses actioned by the police in one jurisdiction of Australia between 1 January 2012 and 30 June 2021 ( = 37,864) were analyzed to explore the prevalence of sexual offenses and types of sexual offenses perpetrated; the relationship between perpetrator gender, age, and offense type; and the relationship between perpetrator gender, age, offense type, and likelihood of law enforcement action ( = 34,835). Consistent with previous research, (predominantly adult) males were responsible for most sexual offenses before police.

Pediatric Neuroendocrine Tumors in Denmark: Incidence, Management, and Outcome From 1995 to 2020.

Background: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), although rare, are considered one of the most common gastrointestinal and bronchopulmonary pediatric neoplasms. We aimed to determine the incidence, tumor characteristics, management, and outcome of NETs and explore the role of genetic predisposition, focusing on low and intermediate grade tumors.

Methods: Using the Danish National Pathology Registry, we conducted a nationwide retrospective study including all Danish children aged ≤18 years diagnosed with a pathology-proven NET between 1995 and 2020.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Oncologic Liver Resections in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Opportunities to Improve Evidence and Outcomes.

Background: Patients in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are disproportionately affected by liver cancers but there is a lack of understanding of their postoperative outcomes. This study aimed to review the current status of research in LMICs regarding outcomes after oncologic hepatectomy and synthesize the data reported in the literature.

Methods: The PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and World Health Organization (WHO) Global Index Medicus databases were searched from database inception to May 26th, 2022.

Morbidity and Mortality Following Surgery for Pancreatic Cancer in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background And Objectives: Measuring postoperative outcomes after complex cancer operations such as pancreatectomy is vital to improve cancer surgery in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs); however, such data is often limited. This study aimed to review existing research and obtain baseline estimates for postoperative mortality and morbidity after pancreatic cancer surgery in LMICs.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, and Global Index Medicus were systematically searched for original articles published between January 2005 and May 2022.

A Review of Digital Interventions as Secondary Prevention Measures to Combat Online Child Sexual Abuse Perpetration.

Interventions implemented in the digital space play an important role in the response to global concerns about the prevalence of online child sexual abuse. Digital detection software (e.g.

Impact of Manufacturing Process and Compounding on Properties and Quality of Follow-On GLP-1 Polypeptide Drugs.

Purpose: The prevalence of follow-on and compounded products of glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs is increasing. We assessed glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs semaglutide and liraglutide for purity, potential immunogenicity, and expected stability, by comparing a representative selection of commercially available follow-on drug substances (DSs) and drug products (DPs) with their corresponding originators.

Methods: Tests included several chromatography methods coupled with ultraviolet and mass spectrometry detectors, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, dissolution analyses, in silico peptide/major histocompatibility complex II-binding prediction, and fibrillation assays.

Haemophilus influenzae Type b Vaccine Immunogenicity in American Indian/Alaska Native Infants.

Objectives: American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) infants historically experienced a disproportionate burden of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease, especially early in life. PedvaxHIB vaccine is preferentially recommended for AI/AN infants because it elicits protective antibody levels postdose 1. Vaxelis, a hexavalent vaccine that contains the same Hib conjugate as PedvaxHIB but at lower concentration, is recommended for US children, but postdose 1 Hib immunogenicity data are needed to inform whether a preferential recommendation should be made for AI/AN infants.

Design and performance of indium seals for size-constrained tunable laser spectrometers.

Indium seals have been used extensively in ultra-high vacuum and cryogenic applications. Typically, these seals use indium alongside or in place of other metal gaskets in stainless-steel vacuum flanges, with some custom applications for flanges sealing directly with glass (optics or tubes). Here, we present the design and performance of three pressed indium seals (99.

Psychological factors of parental physical activity support among parents of children with disabilities: a meta-analysis.

Purpose: Parents of children with disabilities often encounter challenges when supporting their child's physical activity (PA). Research on the psychological factors influencing parental support for PA has produced mixed results. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to a) synthesize psychological factors associated with parental support for PA, and b) evaluate the moderators of the association between parental support for PA and these psychological factors.

Inconsistent decision making in dental caries diagnosis and treatment: A case-based questionnaire survey.

Background And Aims: Delayed implementation of new knowledge into clinical practice poses patient safety risks. This study investigates agreement on use of the dental caries interventions, sealing, and stepwise excavation.

Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey, based on 11 constructed cases with descriptions of patient symptoms, radiographic, and clinical findings.

A homo-FRET assay for patatin-specific proteolytic activity.

The potato protein patatin embeds bioactive peptides that require targeted hydrolysis to be released as promising food additives. This study presents a patatin-specific protease assay for assessing a wide range of protease activities in high-throughput format. Conjugating patatin to the amine reactive fluorogenic BODIPY FL dye provided a stable protease substrate with efficient homo-FRET quenching at a low degree (7-8) of labeling.

Antisense targeting of FOXP3+ Tregs to boost anti-tumor immunity.

Our goal is to improve the outcomes of cancer immunotherapy by targeting FOXP3+ T-regulatory (Treg) cells with a next generation of antisense oligonucleotides (ASO), termed FOXP3 AUMsilence ASO. We performed experiments with human healthy donor PBMC and clinical samples from patients with lung cancer, mesothelioma and melanoma, and tested our approach using ASO FOXP3 in syngeneic murine cancer models and in humanized mice. ASO FOXP3 had no effects on cell viability or cell division, did not affect expression of other FOXP members, but decreased expression of FOXP3 mRNA in PBMC by 54.

Patient-clinician interactions in shared diabetes/nephrology consultations - A qualitative observation study.

Background: The incidence of chronic disease is increasing worldwide which, in turn, increases the demand for healthcare services. To meet these demands, healthcare systems are adapting their services in order to reduce treatment costs and ensure coherence for patients with multiple diseases. One form of adaptation is shared outpatient consultations between internal medical specialties.

Comparative genomic analysis identifies potential adaptive variation in .

is associated with respiratory disease in wild and domestic Caprinae globally, with wide variation in disease outcomes within and between host species. To gain insight into phylogenetic structure and mechanisms of pathogenicity for this bacterial species, we compared genomes for 99 samples from 6 countries (Australia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, China, France and USA) and 4 host species (domestic sheep, domestic goats, bighorn sheep and caribou). Core genome sequences of assemblies from domestic sheep and goats fell into two well-supported phylogenetic clades that are divergent enough to be considered different bacterial species, consistent with each of these two clades having an evolutionary origin in separate host species.

Learning by leading: A qualitative inquiry into the perceived academic, personal, and professional development of PAL study group leaders in physiotherapy education.

Background: Peer assisted learning (PAL), where student leaders facilitate their peers' learning, is prevalent in higher education. However, PAL leaders' development in physiotherapy education and their role perceptions relating to their future professional practice are understudied.

Purpose: We aimed to understand how PAL leaders in physiotherapy education perceive their own academic learning and personal development, and how they view their experiences as PAL leaders in relation to future physiotherapy practice.