Sacubitril/valsartan preserves regional cardiac function following myocardial infarction in rats.

Aims: Sacubitril/valsartan (Sac/Val) is used for treatment of heart failure. The effect of Sac/Val on regional dysfunction following myocardial infarction (MI) remains uncertain. This study aimed at understanding the effects of Sac/Val on regional function after MI.

Suture Button Fixation in Shoulder Instability Surgery to Achieve Bone Healing: A Critical Analysis Review.

» Suture button fixation has emerged as an effective surgical construct in arthroscopic and open Latarjet and anterior glenoid reconstruction with free autograft bone with high rates of bone block healing.» Biomechanical data suggest that screw and suture button mechanical fixation constructs provide similar load to failure and stability for the Latarjet procedure.» Preliminary bone healing models have identified that flexible fixation may exhibit a higher degree of bone callus maturation, whereas rigid fixation results in excessive callus hyperplasia» Mechanical tensioner use provides consistent tensioning of suture button constructs and improves bone-to-bone healing rates when used for anterior glenoid reconstruction surgery.

The association between salivary oxytocin, age, and puberty in children with and without OCD.

The oxytocin system has been thought to contribute to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Few studies, only involving adults, have investigated this hypothesis and have found inconsistent results regarding oxytocin system activity and OCD. We investigated whether salivary oxytocin concentrations differed between children and adolescents with and without OCD and qualified our comparative analysis by investigating the possible covariates age, pubertal stage, and sex.

Associations between prenatal exposure to environmental phenols and child neurodevelopment at two years of age in a South African birth cohort.

Objective: Evidence suggests that prenatal environmental phenol exposures negatively impact child neurodevelopment, however there is little research on the effects of mixtures of multiple phenol exposures. We analyzed associations between prenatal exposure to phenol mixtures and cognitive neurodevelopment at two years of age among 545 mother-child pairs from the South African Drakenstein Child Health Study.

Material And Methods: We measured maternal urine environmental phenol concentrations once during the second trimester of pregnancy.

Machine learning with multiple modalities of brain magnetic resonance imaging data to identify the presence of bipolar disorder.

Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic psychiatric mood disorder that is solely diagnosed based on clinical symptoms. These symptoms often overlap with other psychiatric disorders. Efforts to use machine learning (ML) to create predictive models for BD based on data from brain imaging are expanding but have often been limited using only a single modality and the exclusion of the cerebellum, which may be relevant in BD.

Decision Making of the In-season Athlete with Anterior Shoulder Instability.

In-season management of anterior shoulder instability in athletes is a complex problem. Athletes often wish to play through their current season, though recurrent instability rates are high, particularly in contact sports. Athletes are generally considered safe to return to play when they are relatively pain-free, and their strength and range of motion match the uninjured extremity.

Exposure profiles of social-environmental neighborhood factors and psychotic-like experiences.

Importance: Recent research has demonstrated that domains of social determinants of health (SDOH) (e.g., air pollution and social context) are associated with psychosis.

Acral Melanoma Incidence and Survival Trends in 1990-2020: A Nationwide, Population-based Study.

Acral melanoma is a clinical subtype of melanoma with high mortality, on which research is limited in scope. This study aimed to assess incidence trends and melanoma-specific survival rates for acral melanoma in the Swedish population from 1990 to 2020.This cross-sectional study included patients with an acral melanoma diagnosis from 1990 to 2020 from the nationwide, population-based Swedish Melanoma Registry.

Epigenetic Age Acceleration and Disparities in Posttraumatic Stress in Women in Southeast Louisiana: NIMHD Social Epigenomics Program.

Importance: Disasters experienced by an entire community provide opportunities to understand individual differences in risk for adverse health outcomes over time. DNA methylation (DNAm) differences may help to distinguish individuals at increased risk following large-scale disasters.

Objective: To examine the association of epigenetic age acceleration with probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and PTSD symptom severity in women.

Alveolar hypoxia induces organ-specific inflammasome-related inflammation in male mouse lungs.

Inflammation through activation of caspase-1, seems to play a role in pulmonary hypertension induced by alveolar hypoxia. Whether alveolar hypoxia induces caspase-1-mediated inflammation and influx of leukocytes in other organs than the lungs, is not known. Our aim was to explore sites of caspase-1-related inflammation in alveolar hypoxia.

Utility of Recovery Room vs Post-Operative Day 1 Radiographs Following Shoulder Arthroplasty.

Background: Postoperative radiographs may be performed on different timelines after shoulder arthroplasty. Radiographs obtained in the post-operative recovery unit (PACU) are often of poorer quality. The purpose of the current study was to explore and compare the quality of PACU radiographs and radiographs performed in the radiology suite on post-operative Day 1 (POD1), as well as determine their impact on changes in post-operative management.

Exploring Syndecan-4 and MLP and Their Interaction in Primary Cardiomyocytes and H9c2 Cells.

The transmembrane proteoglycan syndecan-4 is known to be involved in the hypertrophic response to pressure overload. Although multiple downstream signaling pathways have been found to be involved in this response in a syndecan-4-dependent manner, there are likely more signaling components involved. As part of a larger syndecan-4 interactome screening, we have previously identified MLP as a binding partner to the cytoplasmic tail of syndecan-4.

Regulation of cardiomyocyte t-tubule structure by preload and afterload: Roles in cardiac compensation and decompensation.

Mechanical load is a potent regulator of cardiac structure and function. Although high workload during heart failure is associated with disruption of cardiomyocyte t-tubules and Ca homeostasis, it remains unclear whether changes in preload and afterload may promote adaptive t-tubule remodelling. We examined this issue by first investigating isolated effects of stepwise increases in load in cultured rat papillary muscles.

Joint effects of indoor air pollution and maternal psychosocial factors during pregnancy on trajectories of early childhood psychopathology.

Prenatal indoor air pollution and maternal psychosocial factors have been associated with adverse psychopathology. We used environmental-exposure mixture methodology to investigate joint effects of both exposure classes on child behavior trajectories. For 360 children from the South African Drakenstein Child Health Study, we created trajectories of Child Behavior Checklist scores (at 24, 42, and 60 months) using latent-class linear mixed effects models.

Joint effects of prenatal exposure to indoor air pollution and psychosocial factors on early life inflammation.

It is hypothesized that air pollution and stress impact the central nervous system through neuroinflammatory pathways Despite this, the association between prenatal exposure to indoor air pollution and psychosocial factors on inflammatory markers in infancy has been underexplored in epidemiology studies. This study investigates the individual and joint effects of prenatal exposure to indoor air pollution and psychosocial factors on early life inflammation (interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)). We analyzed data from the South African Drakenstein Child Health Study (N = 225).

Joint effects of air pollution and neighborhood socioeconomic status on cognitive decline - Mediation by depression, high cholesterol levels, and high blood pressure.

Air pollution and neighborhood socioeconomic status (N-SES) are associated with adverse cardiovascular health and neuropsychiatric functioning in older adults. This study examines the degree to which the joint effects of air pollution and N-SES on the cognitive decline are mediated by high cholesterol levels, high blood pressure (HBP), and depression. In the Emory Healthy Aging Study, 14,390 participants aged 50+ years from Metro Atlanta, GA, were assessed for subjective cognitive decline using the cognitive function instrument (CFI).

Inhibition of multiple staphylococcal growth states by a small molecule that disrupts membrane fluidity and voltage.

New molecular approaches to disrupting bacterial infections are needed. The bacterial cell membrane is an essential structure with diverse potential lipid and protein targets for antimicrobials. While rapid lysis of the bacterial cell membrane kills bacteria, lytic compounds are generally toxic to whole animals.

A Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluating 4-Dimensional Computed Tomography Ventilation-Based Functional Lung Avoidance Radiation Therapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Purpose: To determine whether 4-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) ventilation-based functional lung avoidance radiation therapy preserves pulmonary function compared with standard radiation therapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods And Materials: This single center, randomized, phase 2 trial enrolled patients with NSCLC receiving curative intent radiation therapy with either stereotactic body radiation therapy or conventionally fractionated radiation therapy between 2016 and 2022. Patients were randomized 1:1 to standard of care radiation therapy or functional lung avoidance radiation therapy.

Association of PM Exposure and Alzheimer Disease Pathology in Brain Bank Donors-Effect Modification by Genotype.

Background And Objectives: Fine particulate matter (PM) exposure has been found to be associated with Alzheimer disease (AD) and is hypothesized to cause inflammation and oxidative stress in the brain, contributing to neuropathology. The gene, a major genetic risk factor of AD, has been hypothesized to modify the association between PM and AD. However, little prior research exists to support these hypotheses.

LungViT: Ensembling Cascade of Texture Sensitive Hierarchical Vision Transformers for Cross-Volume Chest CT Image-to-Image Translation.

Chest computed tomography (CT) at inspiration is often complemented by an expiratory CT to identify peripheral airways disease. Additionally, co-registered inspiratory-expiratory volumes can be used to derive various markers of lung function. Expiratory CT scans, however, may not be acquired due to dose or scan time considerations or may be inadequate due to motion or insufficient exhale; leading to a missed opportunity to evaluate underlying small airways disease.