Ongoing Electroencephalographic Rhythms Related to Exploratory Movements in Transgenic TASTPM Mice.

Background: The European PharmaCog study (http://www.pharmacog.org) has reported a reduction in delta (1-6 Hz) electroencephalographic (EEG) power (density) during cage exploration (active condition) compared with quiet wakefulness (passive condition) in PDAPP mice (hAPP Indiana V717F mutation) modeling Alzheimer's disease (AD) amyloidosis and cognitive deficits.

Production of hydrogen peroxide in formulated beverages is associated with the presence of ascorbic acid combined with selected redox-active functional ingredients.

Hydrogen peroxide (HO) is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) that mediates essential signaling in vivo but may cause irreversible tissue damage under dysregulated or acute exposure conditions. Beverages containing redox-active compounds might produce HO during shelf storage and potentially be consumed. Concentrations of HO in selected 'functional' (including energy, E, n = 28), 'non-functional' flavored, (S, n = 6) and mineral water (W, n = 6) drinks were measured under ambient (i.

Digit ratio (2D:4D) is not related to cardiovascular diseases or their risk factors in menopausal women.

Objectives: Digit ratio (2D:4D) is widely used as a biomarker of prenatal hormonal environment linked to the growing number of adult health and disease-related characteristics. It has been suggested that 2D:4D is a good predictor of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk among men, but results in women are still inconclusive. Here we test the relationship between 2D:4D and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and their risk factors in Polish, rural women.

Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue and associations with cardiometabolic risk in Inuit, Africans and Europeans: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: Abdominal fat has been identified as a risk marker of cardiometabolic disease independent of overall adiposity. However, it is not clear whether there are ethnic disparities in this risk. We investigated the associations of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) with cardiometabolic risk factors in three ethnic diverse populations of Inuit, Africans and Europeans.

Diagnosis and prevalence of diabetic polyneuropathy: a cross-sectional study of Danish patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background And Purpose: Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes. Using the Toronto criteria for diabetic polyneuropathy and the grading system for neuropathic pain, the performance of neuropathy scales and questionnaires were assessed by comparing them to a clinical gold standard diagnosis of DPN and painful DPN in a cohort of patients with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

Methods: A questionnaire on neuropathy and pain was sent to a cohort of 5514 Danish type 2 diabetes patients.

Plasma marker for systemic inflammation is increased in Mexican Tarahumara following ultra-distance running.

Objectives: Previous studies have suggested that acute exercise-induced cardiac and kidney damage following ultra-distance running is low in Mexican Tarahumara even though C-reactive protein (CRP) remained elevated 24 hours post-race. We aimed to study if the plasma biomarker, soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), could replace or complement CRP as a systemic inflammation biomarker in Tarahumara men and women following ultra-distance running.

Methods: Plasma samples were collected pre-race and at three to six different time points post-race in Mexican Tarahumara competing in three independent ultramarathons; men running 78 km (GroupI, n = 9), women running 52 km (GroupII, n = 3), and men running 63 km (GroupIII, n = 10).

Natural History of Blunt Cerebrovascular Injury: Experience Over a 10-year Period at a Level I Trauma Center.

Background Blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) is associated with increased stroke and mortality risk. However, the most appropriate follow-up strategy remains uncertain. Purpose To better understand the natural history of BCVI and help define the most optimal timing and length of follow-up imaging.

Effect of Posterior Glenoid Bone Loss and Retroversion on Arthroscopic Posterior Glenohumeral Stabilization.

Background: Posterior glenohumeral instability is an increasingly recognized cause of shoulder instability, but little is known about the incidence or effect of posterior glenoid bone loss.

Purpose: To determine the incidence, characteristics, and failure rate of posterior glenoid deficiency in shoulders undergoing isolated arthroscopic posterior shoulder stabilization.

Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Synchrotron-radiation sourced SR-IMS molecular spectroscopy to explore impact of silencing TT8 and HB12 genes in alfalfa leaves on the molecular structure and chemical mapping.

Advanced synchrotron-based vibrational molecular spectroscopy (SR-IMS) has been developed to image molecular chemistry in biological tissues within cellular and subcellular dimension. However, it is seldomly used in gene-transformation and gene-silencing study. The objectives of this study were to apply synchrotron-based vibrational molecular spectroscopy (SR-IMS) to determine the molecular structural changes and chemical mapping of alfalfa leaves induced by silencing of TT8 and HB12 genes in alfalfa in comparison with wild type of alfalfa.

Prospective Single-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Pericapsular Injection Versus Lumbar Plexus Peripheral Nerve Block for Hip Arthroscopy.

Background: Hip arthroscopy has become the standard for the operative treatment of symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement. Given the high levels of postoperative pain associated with hip arthroscopy, optimal analgesia is critical to ensure patient comfort and safety after discharge.

Purpose/hypothesis: Our purpose was to perform a single-blinded randomized controlled trial comparing the use of pericapsular injection versus lumbar plexus blockade for postoperative pain control after arthroscopic surgery on the hip.

Current Evidence-based Indications for Modern Noncemented Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is one of the most common procedures performed in orthopaedic surgery. Traditionally, most TKAs have been performed by cementing the implant to the bone with polymethyl methacrylate to provide fixation. Noncemented implants that rely on boney ingrowth for fixation are increasingly appealing to surgeons, given success in total hip arthroplasty and the desire for long-term stability of implants in younger patients.

HIV and metabolic syndrome in an Ethiopian population.

Background: The global prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) is increasing due to lifestyle changes. Studies have found that MS is associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and antiretroviral treatment (ART), but controversies still exist on associations between HIV and MS.

Aims: To assess associations between HIV and MS among ART-naïve HIV positive individuals compared to HIV negative individuals.

In vitro stem cell modelling demonstrates a proof-of-concept for excess functional mutant TIMP3 as the cause of Sorsby fundus dystrophy.

Sorsby fundus dystrophy (SFD) is a rare autosomal dominant disease of the macula that leads to bilateral loss of central vision and is caused by mutations in the TIMP3 gene. However, the mechanisms by which TIMP3 mutations cause SFD are poorly understood. Here, we generated human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal pigmented epithelial (hiPSC-RPE) cells from three SFD patients carrying TIMP3 p.

LapG mediates biofilm dispersal in Vibrio fischeri by controlling maintenance of the VCBS-containing adhesin LapV.

Efficient symbiotic colonization of the squid Euprymna scolopes by the bacterium Vibrio fischeri depends on bacterial biofilm formation on the surface of the squid's light organ. Subsequently, the bacteria disperse from the biofilm via an unknown mechanism and enter through pores to reach the interior colonization sites. Here, we identify a homolog of Pseudomonas fluorescens LapG as a dispersal factor that promotes cleavage of a biofilm-promoting adhesin, LapV.

Comparison of Tip- Versus Hub-Oscillating Saw Blade Control in a Total Knee Arthroplasty Model.

Background: Oscillating saws are commonly used for bone preparation in total knee arthroplasty but can cause injury to the posterior neurovascular bundle during tibial resection. Tip-oscillating saw blades are a recent innovation that could improve saw control due to decreased excursion; however, the tactile feedback to the surgeon is different.

Methods: To compare traditional hub and new tip-oscillating saw blades, 16 participants of varying levels of experience were video-recorded during composite tibial bone model resections to measure posterior saw blade plunge.

Risk Factors for Failure of Nonoperative Treatment of Posterior Shoulder Labral Tears on Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Introduction: There are no reports in the literature describing risk factors for failure of nonoperative treatment of patients with posterior labral tears on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The purpose of this study is to identify risk factors for failure of nonoperative treatment in patients with an isolated posterior glenoid labral tear identified on MRI only. Patients with posterior labral tears on MRI who fail to improve with nonoperative treatment likely share a constellation of clinical history, physical exam, and radiographic findings.

Modulation of immune responses using adjuvants to facilitate therapeutic vaccination.

Therapeutic vaccination offers great promise as an intervention for a diversity of infectious and non-infectious conditions. Given that most chronic health conditions are thought to have an immune component, vaccination can at least in principle be proposed as a therapeutic strategy. Understanding the nature of protective immunity is of vital importance, and the progress made in recent years in defining the nature of pathological and protective immunity for a range of diseases has provided an impetus to devise strategies to promote such responses in a targeted manner.

Ten-year fracture risk predicted by proximal femur Hounsfield units.

Unlabelled: Colon cancer screening occurs at younger ages than osteoporosis screening. Bone density measurements using virtual colonoscopy performed for colon cancer screening can provide an early warning sign of patients at potential risk for osteoporosis-related fractures. Earlier identification may improve treatment and potentially fracture prevention.

The Connexin 43 Regulator Rotigaptide Reduces Cytokine-Induced Cell Death in Human Islets.

Background: Intercellular communication mediated by cationic fluxes through the Connexin family of gap junctions regulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and beta cell defense against inflammatory stress. Rotigaptide (RG, ZP123) is a peptide analog that increases intercellular conductance in cardiac muscle cells by the prevention of dephosphorylation and thereby uncoupling of Connexin-43 (Cx43), possibly via action on unidentified protein phosphatases. For this reason, it is being studied in human arrhythmias.

Do Elections Improve Constituency Responsiveness? Evidence from US Cities.

Do elections motivate incumbent politicians to serve their voters? In this paper, we use millions of service requests placed by residents in US cities to measure constituency responsiveness. We then test whether an unusual policy change in New York City, which enabled city councilors to run for three rather than two terms in office, improved constituency responsiveness in previously term-limited councilors' districts. Using difference-in-differences, we find robust evidence for this.

Cutting Edge: TNF Is Essential for Mycobacteria-Induced MINCLE Expression, Macrophage Activation, and Th17 Adjuvanticity.

TNF blockade is a successful treatment for human autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease yet increases susceptibility to tuberculosis and other infections. The C-type lectin receptors (CLR) MINCLE, MCL, and DECTIN-2 are expressed on myeloid cells and sense mycobacterial cell wall glycolipids. In this study, we show that TNF is sufficient to upregulate MINCLE, MCL, and DECTIN-2 in macrophages.

Repeated Noise Exposure Does Not Reach Hazardous Levels During Total Joint Arthroplasty.

Introduction: Noise exposure is an occupational health concern for certain professions, especially military servicemembers and those using power tools on a regular basis. The purpose of this study was to quantify noise exposure during total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) cases compared to the recommended standard for occupational noise exposure.

Materials And Methods: A sound level meter was used to record cumulative and peak noise exposure levels in 10 primary THA and 10 primary TKA surgeries, as well as 10 arthroscopy cases as controls.

Vibrio fischeri: Laboratory Cultivation, Storage, and Common Phenotypic Assays.

Vibrio fischeri is a nonpathogenic organism related to pathogenic Vibrio species that can be readily grown and stored with common laboratory equipment. In this article, protocols for routine growth, storage, and phenotypic assessment of V. fischeri, as well as recipes for useful media, are included.