Comparing to three other enteric pathogens in OligoMM mice reveals pathogen-specific host and microbiota responses.

, non-typhoidal spp., and enteropathogenic/enterohemorrhagic (EPEC/EHEC) are leading causes of food-borne illness worldwide. has been used to model EPEC and EHEC infection in mice.

Policy impact of the Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team: global perspective and United Kingdom case study.

Background: Mathematical models and advanced analytics play an important role in policy decision making and mobilizing action. The Imperial College Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Response Team (ICCRT) provided continuous, timely and robust epidemiological analyses to inform the policy responses of governments and public health agencies around the world. This study aims to quantify the policy impact of ICCRT outputs, and understand which evidence was considered policy-relevant during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Biochemical and microbial characterization of a forest litter-based bio-fertilizer produced in batch culture by fermentation under different initial oxygen concentrations.

This work focused on the physico-chemical, biochemical and microbiological characterization of a new organic fertilizer based on fermented forest litter (FFL) mixed with agro-industrial by-products, on the culture realized in airtight glass bottle. Under strict anaerobiosis (0% initial oxygen concentration (IOC)), after a 16-day batch culture, the bottle-headspace analysis showed that the specific CO production rate was low (0.014 mL/h.

Salmonella Typhimurium screen identifies shifts in mixed-acid fermentation during gut colonization.

How enteric pathogens adapt their metabolism to a dynamic gut environment is not yet fully understood. To investigate how Salmonella enterica Typhimurium (S.Tm) colonizes the gut, we conducted an in vivo transposon mutagenesis screen in a gnotobiotic mouse model.

Changes in chemical properties and microbial communities' composition of a forest litter-based biofertilizer produced through aerated solid-state culture under different oxygen conditions.

Fermented forest litter (FFL) is a bioproduct used as biofertilizer for several decades in Eastern Asia and Latin America. It is locally handcrafted by farmers in anaerobic conditions by fermenting forest litter added with agricultural by-products such as whey, cereal bran, and molasses. The aim of this study was to characterize the FFL process and product through gas and liquid chromatography analyses.

C-di-AMP levels modulate cell wall thickness, response to oxidative stress, and antibiotic resistance and tolerance.

Antibiotic resistance and tolerance are substantial healthcare-related problems, hampering effective treatment of bacterial infections. Mutations in the phosphodiesterase GdpP, which degrades cyclic di-3', 5'-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP), have recently been associated with resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in clinical isolates. In this study, we show that high c-di-AMP levels decreased the cell size and increased the cell wall thickness in mutant strains.

Thirty-three myths and misconceptions about population data: from data capture and processing to linkage.

Databases covering all individuals of a population are increasingly used for research and decision-making. The massive size of such databases is often mistaken as a guarantee for valid inferences. However, population data have characteristics that make them challenging to use.

Antiprotozoal activity of natural products from Nigerien plants used in folk medicine.

In the course of the screening of plants from Niger for antiprotozoal activity, the methanol extract of , and the dichloromethane extracts of and were found to be active against protozoan parasites, namely , , and/or . Myricitrin (), quercitrin () and 1-palmitoyl-lysolecithin () were isolated from . From , the three triterpene derivatives , , and are described here for the first time.

Antiproliferative activity of compounds isolated from the root bark of Lannea acida in multiple myeloma cell lines.

Lannea acida A. Rich. is a native plant of West Africa used in traditional medicine against diarrhea, dysentery, rheumatism, and women infertility.

Chemical and Microbial Characterization of Fermented Forest Litters Used as Biofertilizers.

The excessive use of chemicals in intensive agriculture has had a negative impact on soil diversity and fertility. A strategy for developing sustainable agriculture could rely on the use of microbial-based fertilizers, known as biofertilizers. An alternative to marketed products could be offered to small farmers if they could produce their own biofertilizers using forest litters, which harbor one of the highest microbial diversities.

Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Compounds from and Their Antiproliferative Activity against Multiple Myeloma Cells.

The phytochemical investigation of the dichloromethane root extract of led to the isolation of 18 compounds. Among these, compounds -, defined as 9-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-2-benzo[]chromene-5,10-dione 6--β-d-glucopyranoside (), (2,3)-3,4,7-trihydroxy-2-(3'-methylbut-2'-en-1'-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1-inden-1-one (), ()-2-(1',4'-dihydroxy-4'-methylpent-2'-en-1'-ylidene)-4,7-dihydroxy-1-indene-1,3(2)-dione (), ()-2,5,8-trihydroxy-3-(2'-hydroxy-3'-methylbut-3'-en-1'-yl)naphthalene-1,4-dione (), 6-hydroxy-3-(3'-methylbut-2'-en-1'-yl)-4-oxo-4-chromene-5-carboxylic acid (), and ()-2-(1'-hydroxy-4'-methylpent-3'-en-1'-yl)anthracene-9,10-dione (), respectively, have not yet been described. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic data analysis, including IR, NMR, HRESIMS and ECD measurements.

Generation of an Escherichia coli strain growing on methanol via the ribulose monophosphate cycle.

Methanol is a liquid with high energy storage capacity that holds promise as an alternative substrate to replace sugars in the biotechnology industry. It can be produced from CO or methane and its use does not compete with food and animal feed production. However, there are currently only limited biotechnological options for the valorization of methanol, which hinders its widespread adoption.

Synthesis, antitumor activity, 3D-QSAR and molecular docking studies of new iodinated 4-(3)-quinazolinones 3-substituted.

A novel series of 6-iodo-2-methylquinazolin-4-(3)-one derivatives, 3a-n, were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxic activity. Compounds 3a, 3b, 3d, 3e, and 3h showed remarkable cytotoxic activity on specific human cancer cell lines when compared to the anti-cancer drug, paclitaxel. Compound 3a was found to be particularly effective on promyelocytic leukaemia HL60 and non-Hodgkin lymphoma U937, with IC values of 21 and 30 μM, respectively.

Superusers of Self-Paced Online Learning on OpenWHO.

Introduction: OpenWHO provides open-access, online, free and real-time learning responses to health emergencies, which includes capacitating healthcare providers, first liners, medical students and even the general public. During the pandemic and to date, an additional 40 courses for COVID-19 response have led to a massive increase in the number of learners and a change in user's trends. This paper presents initial findings on enrollment trends, use and completion rates of health emergency courses offered on OpenWHO.

Azepine-Indole Alkaloids From Modulate 5-HT Receptors and Prevent Protein Toxicity in Transgenic .

Nemorosine A () and fargesine (), the main azepine-indole alkaloids of , were explored for their pharmacological profile on neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) applying a combined -- approach. By using and as queries for similarity-based searches of the ChEMBL database, structurally related compounds were identified to modulate the 5-HT receptor; experiments confirmed an agonistic effect for and (24 and 36% at 10 μM, respectively), which might be linked to cognition-enhancing properties. This and the previously reported target profile of and , which also includes BuChE and MAO-A inhibition, prompted the evaluation of these compounds in several models linked to 5-HT modulation and proteotoxicity.

Phytochemical Investigation of the Roots of and Antiproliferative Activity of the Isolated Compounds against Multiple Myeloma Cells.

is a herbaceous plant belonging to the family Convolvulaceae and is native to tropical regions of Africa, America, and Asia. A dichloromethane root extract showed antiproliferative activity against multiple myeloma cells (RPMI 8226). The phytochemical investigation led to the isolation of 15 compounds.

Changes in Users Trends Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic on WHO's Online Learning Platform.

OpenWHO provides open access, online, free and real time learning responses to health emergencies. Before the pandemic, courses on 18 diseases were provided. The increase to 38 courses in response to COVID-19 have led to a massive increase in the number of new learners.

Hygroline derivatives from Schizanthus tricolor and their anti-trypanosomatid and antiplasmodial activities.

Chemical investigation of the alkaloid extract of the aerial parts of Schizanthus tricolor led to the targeted isolation of 26 hygroline derivatives of which 20 were fully characterized. They have not yet been described in the literature and their structures were established by 1D and 2D NMR, UV and IR spectroscopy, and HRESIMS. The configuration was determined by Gauge-Independent Atomic Orbital NMR chemical shift calculations supported by the advanced statistical method DP4 plus, vibrational circular dichroism, and measurement of optical rotation.

How are mathematical models and results from mathematical models of vaccine-preventable diseases used, or not, by global health organisations?

While epidemiological and economic evidence has the potential to provide answers to questions, guide complex programmes and inform resource allocation decisions, how this evidence is used by global health organisations who commission it and what organisational actions are generated from the evidence remains unclear. This study applies analytical tools from organisational science to understand how evidence produced by infectious disease epidemiologists and health economists is used by global health organisations. A conceptual framework that embraces evidence use typologies and relates findings to the organisational process of action generation informs and structures the research.

Formation Dominates Resorption With Increasing Mineralized Density and Time Postfracture in Cortical but Not Trabecular Bone: A Longitudinal HRpQCT Imaging Study in the Distal Radius.

Clinical evaluation of fracture healing is often limited to an assessment of fracture bridging from radiographic images, without consideration for other aspects of bone quality. However, recent advances in HRpQCT offer methods to accurately monitor microstructural bone remodeling throughout the healing process. In this study, local bone formation and resorption were investigated during the first year post fracture in both the fractured (n = 22) and contralateral (n = 19) radii of 34 conservatively treated patients (24 female, 10 male) who presented with a unilateral radius fracture at the Innsbruck University Hospital, Austria.