NIH Funding within Otolaryngology: 2005-2014.

Objective Analyze grants awarded between 2005 and 2014 to otolaryngology departments that appear in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) RePORTER database, summarize characteristics of grant recipients associated with otolaryngology departments as listed in the RePORTER between 2005 and 2014, and identify trends in otolaryngology NIH funding between 2005 and 2014 by topic. Study Design Case series. Setting NIH database inquiry.

Dysphagia Following Airway Reconstruction in Adults.

Importance: Patients who undergo open airway reconstruction procedures are likely to experience some degree of postoperative dysphagia symptoms and delayed return to oral intake.

Objective: To review the duration of postoperative dysphagia symptoms and outcomes in a group of adult patients.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Retrospective review of the medical records of adult patients undergoing laryngotracheoplasty, posterior cricoid split laryngoplasty, tracheal resection, and cricotracheal resection in a tertiary hospital between July 2009 and September 2014.

Vocal fold hemorrhage: factors predicting recurrence.

Objectives/hypothesis: Vocal fold hemorrhage is an acute phonotraumatic injury treated with voice rest; recurrence is a generally accepted indication for surgical intervention. This study aims to identify factors predictive of recurrence based on outcomes of a large clinical series.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort.

Association of candidate genes with nonsyndromic clefts in Honduran and Colombian populations.

Objectives/hypothesis: Orofacial clefts are the most common craniofacial birth defects in humans, with the majority of orofacial clefts occurring as nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCLP). We previously demonstrated associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IRF6 gene and NSCLP in the Honduran population. Here we investigated other candidate genes and chromosomal regions associated with NSCLP identified from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), including MAFB, ABCA4, 8q24, 9q22, 10q25, and 17q22 in two independent Hispanic populations.

XBP1 controls diverse cell type- and condition-specific transcriptional regulatory networks.

Using genome-wide approaches, we have elucidated the regulatory circuitry governed by the XBP1 transcription factor, a key effector of the mammalian unfolded protein response (UPR), in skeletal muscle and secretory cells. We identified a core group of genes involved in constitutive maintenance of ER function in all cell types and tissue- and condition-specific targets. In addition, we identified a cadre of unexpected targets that link XBP1 to neurodegenerative and myodegenerative diseases, as well as to DNA damage and repair pathways.