Activation of chicken gamma-delta T lymphocytes by a purified ulvan extract.

Chicken γδ T lymphocytes are present in a variety of tissues such as blood, spleen and intestine. They constitute a major cytotoxic population. In chicken, Salmonella immunization as well as vaccination against Newcastle disease virus are accompanied by an increase of γδ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood, which may be activated, and thus represent a protective immune response.

Ulvan Activates Chicken Heterophils and Monocytes Through Toll-Like Receptor 2 and Toll-Like Receptor 4.

Responsiveness to invasive pathogens, clearance via the inflammatory response, and activation of appropriate acquired responses are all coordinated by innate host defenses. Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands are potent immune-modulators with profound effects on the generation of adaptive immune responses. This property is being exploited in TLR-based vaccines and therapeutic agents in chickens.

Biosynthesis and characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoates by Pseudomonas guezennei from alkanoates and glucose.

The biosynthesis of medium chain length poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) mcl PHAs by Pseudomonas guezennei using glucose, sodium octanoate, and 10-undecenoic acid as sole or mixed carbon sources was investigated. Chemical composition of polyesters was analyzed by GCMS and NMR. The copolyester produced by P.

Development of a three-steps derivatization assay for the localization of double bond in monounsaturated monomers of poly-beta-hydroxyalkanoates by GC-MS.

A new gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the localization of double bond in monounsaturated 3-hydroxyalkenoic acids monomers has been developed. A three steps derivation assay was used including a methanolysis, then acetylation and dimethyldisulfide (DMDS) addition to alkene groups. Electron impact GC-MS analysis of such derivatives offers characteristic fragments allowing the unambiguous determination of double bond position in side chain.