Exposure to PM modulate the pro-inflammatory and interferon responses against influenza virus infection in a human 3D bronchial epithelium model.

Epidemiological studies showed a positive association between exposure to PM and the severity of influenza virus infection. However, the mechanisms by which PM can disrupt antiviral defence are still unclear. From this perspective, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of PM on antiviral signalling in the respiratory epithelium using the bronchial Calu-3 cell line grown at the air-liquid interface.