The effect of team formation on match running performance in UEFA Champions League matches: implications for position-specific conditioning.

This study aimed to determine the effect of team formation on position-specific match running performance (MRP) at highest-level football. Players' MRP (n = 226) was observed in four team formations: 3-5-2 (n = 24), 4-4-2 (n = 44), 4-2-3-1 (n = 77) and 4-3-3 (n = 81). Central defenders in the 3-5-2 formation achieved a greater amount of high-intensity running distance than in the 4-3-3 formation (mean difference (MD) [95% confidence interval] = 144 m [12, 267], medium ES).

Optical coherence tomography with online visualization of more than seven rendered volumes per second.

Nearly real-time visualization of 3-D volumes is crucial for the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) during microsurgery. With an ultrahigh speed spectral domain OCT coupled to a surgical microscope, on-line display of 7.2 rendered volumes at 87 megapixels per second is demonstrated.