Targeting the PRC2-dependent epigenetic program alleviates urinary tract infections.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a pervasive health problem worldwide. Patients with a history of UTIs suffer increased risk of recurrent infections, a major risk of antibiotic resistance. Here, we show that bladder infections induce expression of in bladder urothelial cells.

Inequalities in Cancer Stage at Diagnosis Among Incarcerated Individuals Undergoing Radiation Therapy at a Large Safety-Net Hospital.

Introduction: There is a dearth of data on cancer care in the incarcerated population, despite being the leading cause of illness-related death in United states' prisons. We retrospectively reviewed the demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics of incarcerated individuals who received radiation therapy at a large safety-net hospital.

Methods: Following IRB approval, we identified 80 incarcerated patients who presented for radiation therapy between January 2003 and May 2019.

Mechanism of Sex Differences in Bladder Cancer: Evident and Elusive Sex-biasing Factors.

Bladder cancer incidence is drastically higher in males than females across geographical, racial, and socioeconomic strata. Despite potential differences in tumor biology, however, male and female bladder cancer patients are still clinically managed in highly similar ways. While sex hormones and sex chromosomes have been shown to promote observed sex differences, a more complex story lies beneath these evident sex-biasing factors than previously appreciated.

Arid1a regulates bladder urothelium formation and maintenance.

Epigenetic regulation of gene expression plays a central role in bladder urothelium development and maintenance. ATPase-dependent chromatin remodeling is a major epigenetic regulatory mechanism, but its role in the bladder has not been explored. Here, we show the functions of Arid1a, the largest subunit of the SWI/SNF or BAF chromatin remodeling ATPase complex, in embryonic and adult bladder urothelium.

Disparities in Laryngeal Cancer Treatment and Outcomes: An Analysis by Hospital Safety-Net Burden.

Objectives/hypothesis: To analyze the impact of hospital safety-net burden on survival outcomes for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) patients.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: From 2004 to 2015, 59,733 LSCC patients treated with curative intent were identified using the National Cancer Database.

A national cancer database analysis on stereotactic body radiation therapy of head and neck cancers.

Background: To evaluate demographic, clinicopathological, treatment factors including biological effective radiation dose (BED) that influence overall survival in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).

Methods: Between 2004 and 2015, 591 SBRT-treated HNC patients were identified from the National Cancer Data Base. A BED using an alpha/beta ratio of 10 (BED), was used to compare dose fractionation of different SBRT regimens.

Sex Differences in Bladder Cancer Immunobiology and Outcomes: A Collaborative Review with Implications for Treatment.

Context: Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) exhibits significant sexual dimorphism in the incidence, etiology, and response to intravesical immunotherapy. Environmental factors such as tobacco use and clinical management issues such as delayed presentation have widely been associated with sex differences in UCB outcomes. Emerging findings from immune checkpoint blockade trials are suggestive of differential outcomes in females compared with males.