Bat-associated histoplasmosis can be transmitted at entrances of bat caves and not only inside the caves.

Our observation of histoplasmosis cases augments the current knowledge on transmission by bats. In the presented cases, the only contact happened in the proximity of a bat cave but not inside the cave. We wish to communicate and stress that even outside of caves, bats may disperse the organism.

Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of spinal inflammation in patients treated for ankylosing spondylitis.

Objective: To compare different magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based algorithms for assessment of spinal inflammation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) being treated with disease modifying drugs.

Methods: Eleven patients (10 men, 1 woman) who fulfilled modified New York diagnostic criteria and had severe disease [Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) > 4] were given intravenous infusion of infliximab (Remicade, 5 mg/kg) for 96 weeks. Whole-spine MRI was done at 0, 24, and 54 weeks.