Management of hepatitis B infected pregnant women: a cross-sectional study of obstetricians.

Background: Our study aims to describe how obstetricians manage pregnant women infected with chronic hepatitis B in a region with a large high-risk population.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study among practicing obstetricians in Santa Clara County, California. All obstetricians practicing in Santa Clara County were invited to participate in the study.

Education and counseling of pregnant patients with chronic hepatitis B: perspectives from obstetricians and perinatal nurses in Santa Clara County, California.

Background: This study aimed to better understand the barriers to perinatal hepatitis B prevention and to identify the reasons for poor hepatitis B knowledge and delivery of education to hepatitis B surface-antigen- positive pregnant women among healthcare providers in Santa Clara County, California.

Materials And Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted with 16 obstetricians and 17 perinatal nurses in Santa Clara County, California, which has one of the largest populations in the United States at high risk for perinatal hepatitis B transmission.

Results: Most providers displayed a lack of self-efficacy attributed to insufficient hepatitis B training and education.

Low levels of knowledge and preventive practices regarding vertical hepatitis B transmission among perinatal nurses.

Objective: To evaluate current levels of hepatitis-B-related knowledge and clinical practice among perinatal nurses.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Santa Clara County, California, home to one of the largest U.

In vitro activity of the new multivalent glycopeptide-cephalosporin antibiotic TD-1792 against vancomycin-nonsusceptible Staphylococcus isolates.

TD-1792 is a glycopeptide-cephalosporin heterodimer antibiotic with activity against a broad spectrum of gram-positive pathogens that includes methicillin-susceptible and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of TD-1792 against a collection of clinical isolates of vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus spp. (VISS), heteroresistant VISS (hVISS), and vancomycin-resistant S.

Evaluation of dalbavancin, tigecycline, minocycline, tetracycline, teicoplanin and vancomycin against community-associated and multidrug-resistant hospital-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Dalbavancin is an investigational semisynthetic lipoglycopeptide that is structurally related to teicoplanin. We examined the activity of dalbavancin (DAL) compared with tigecycline (TIG), minocycline (MIN), tetracycline (TET), teicoplanin (TEC) and vancomycin (VAN) against community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) and multidrug-resistant hospital-associated meticillin-resistant S. aureus (MDR HA-MRSA).

Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of benzophenone-based tetraamides as novel antibacterial agents.

The increase in the incidence of both hospital- and community-acquired antibiotic-resistant infections is a major concern to the healthcare community. There have been only two new classes of antibiotics approved by the FDA over the past 40 years, and clearly there is a growing need for additional antimicrobial agents. In this paper, we present our work on the discovery of a class of benzophenone containing compounds that possess good activity against MRSA, VISA, VRSA, and VRE and moderate activity against E.

Characterization of vancomycin-heteroresistant Staphylococcus aureus from the metropolitan area of Detroit, Michigan, over a 22-year period (1986 to 2007).

We screened for heteroresistant, vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) among clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus collected from three hospitals (two urban teaching hospitals and one community hospital) in the Detroit metropolitan area over a 22-year period. The Macro Etest method was used to screen all available isolates.

Activities of ceftobiprole, linezolid, vancomycin, and daptomycin against community-associated and hospital-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

We evaluated the activity of ceftobiprole against 100 community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) and 100 hospital-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) isolates. Eight isolates were evaluated by time-kill studies for kill rate and potential for synergy with tobramycin. Ceftobiprole MIC(50) and MIC(90) values were 1 and 2 microg/ml, respectively, against CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA.

Community- and health care-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a comparison of molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial activities of various agents.

The epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is changing. We determined the inhibitory and bactericidal activity of select antimicrobial agents utilizing a well-characterized group of 200 staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IV community-associated MRSA (CAMRSA) and 50 SCCmec type II health care-associated MRSA (HAMRSA). Differences in carriage of the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes, agr group, and agr function in CAMRSA and HAMRSA were also examined.

Antimicrobial activities of ceragenins against clinical isolates of resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

The rise in the rates of glycopeptide resistance among Staphylococcus aureus isolates is concerning and underscores the need for the development of novel potent compounds. Ceragenins CSA-8 and CSA-13, cationic steroid molecules that mimic endogenous antimicrobial peptides, have previously been demonstrated to possess broad-spectrum activities against multidrug-resistant bacteria. We examined the activities of CSA-8 and CSA-13 against clinical isolates of vancomycin-intermediate S.

Comparative activity of the new lipoglycopeptide telavancin in the presence and absence of serum against 50 glycopeptide non-susceptible staphylococci and three vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Background: Telavancin, a new multifunctional lipoglycopeptide antibiotic, exhibits broad-spectrum Gram-positive activity against a variety of pathogens. We examined the effects of human serum and antimicrobial concentrations on the activity of telavancin against glycopeptide-intermediate staphylococcal species (GISS), heteroresistant GISS (hGISS) and three vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) compared with vancomycin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, linezolid and daptomycin.

Methods: MIC and MBCs were performed against all antimicrobials.

Susceptibility studies of piperazinyl-cross-linked fluoroquinolone dimers against test strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Susceptibility testing was used to evaluate potential spectrum of action for piperazinyl-cross-linked fluoroquinolone dimers against test strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) and to evaluate dimers against fluoroquinolone-resistant and fluoroquinolone-susceptible strains of streptococci. Individual dimers displayed equivalent or lowered MIC values compared with parent fluoroquinolone monomers against test strains of S. pneumoniae, S.

Pulsatile delivery of clarithromycin alone or in combination with amoxicillin against Streptococcus pneumoniae.

We evaluated pulsatile dosing of clarithromycin and amoxicillin alone or combined against Streptococcus pneumoniae with various susceptibilities. When combined, pulsatile amoxicillin with clarithromycin was superior to either 8- or 12-h dosing against the intermediate strain and was identical for the susceptible strain. Pulse dosing of antimicrobials warrants further investigation.

Clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from 1987 and 1989 demonstrating heterogeneous resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin.

Fifty isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, obtained during a multicenter clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of teicoplanin that was performed between 1987 and 1992, underwent glycopeptide susceptibility testing, and 2 isolates were found to be capable of growth on agar containing 4 or 8 mg/L of vancomycin. Both of these isolates were from patients that had received prolonged teicoplanin therapy and were deemed clinical failures. Extended susceptibility testing combined with mecA gene probing revealed that one isolate was susceptible to oxacillin, the other was resistant, and both were susceptible to a variety of nonglycopeptide agents.