The scope of practice of geriatric dentistry in British Columbia (Canada): An exploratory study.

Aims: The oral health needs of frail older adults are increasing with an aging population in Canada. The objective of this study was to explore the perceptions of dentists in British Columbia regarding their view of geriatric dentistry as a distinct scope of practice and in relation to special needs dentistry.

Methods And Results: Qualitative data were gathered thorough semi guided interviews of a purposeful sample of dental clinicians, educators and members of organized dentistry with specialized knowledge of oral health for frail older adults.

Appointments Needed for Complete Denture for Frail Older Adults Residing in Long-Term Care Facilities: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Frail older adults who reside in long-term care (LTC) facilities face multiple barriers in receiving dental care. In edentulous LTC patients, the fabrication of complete dentures (CDs) can present challenges, leading to an increase in procedural or post-insertion appointments. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to document the number of fabrication and post-insertion follow-up appointments for CDs in frail older adults residing in LTC facilities.

Tooth loss and dementia amongst older adults residing in long-term care facilities in Vancouver: A case-control study.

Objective: The purpose of this case-control study was to determine the association between dementia and the number of missing teeth, functional occlusal units and denture use in older adults residing in Long-Term Care (LTC) facilities.

Background: Many studies have shown an association between dementia and tooth loss. However, few studies with a large sample size have been reported describing the relationship between dementia and the number of missing teeth, remaining teeth and functional occlusal units.

The trophectoderm acts as a niche for the inner cell mass through C/EBPα-regulated IL-6 signaling.

IL-6 has been shown to be required for somatic cell reprogramming into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). However, how Il6 expression is regulated and whether it plays a role during embryo development remains unknown. Here, we describe that IL-6 is necessary for C/EBPα-enhanced reprogramming of B cells into iPSCs but not for B cell to macrophage transdifferentiation.

Comparison of digital and conventional methods of fit evaluation of partial removable dental prosthesis frameworks fabricated by selective laser melting.

Statement Of Problem: Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology may improve the fit of partial removable dental prosthesis frameworks made by selective laser melting. Conventionally, the gaps between definitive casts and prostheses are evaluated by using clinical replicas, but digital evaluations may provide a better alternative.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare digital and conventional methods for evaluating the fit of partial removable dental prosthesis frameworks made by selective laser melting.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the University of British Columbia Geriatric Dentistry Program: Clinical education and service.

Background And Objective: In Canada, the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with significant morbidity and mortality in older adults, particularly those in long-term care (LTC). Access to oral health services was limited during the pandemic due to public health restrictions. The aim of this paper was to describe the impact of the pandemic on the clinical education and service of the University of British Columbia (UBC) Geriatric Dentistry Program (GDP), which provides care to LTC residents.

Cooperative epithelial phagocytosis enables error correction in the early embryo.

Errors in early embryogenesis are a cause of sporadic cell death and developmental failure. Phagocytic activity has a central role in scavenging apoptotic cells in differentiated tissues. However, how apoptotic cells are cleared in the blastula embryo in the absence of specialized immune cells remains unknown.

Clinical Oral Disorders in Adults Screening Protocol (CODA-SP) from the 2019 Vancouver IADR Consensus Symposium.

Background: The Clinical Oral Disorder in Elders (CODE) index was proposed in 1999 to assess the oral health status and treatment needs of older people who typically were edentate or had few natural teeth. Since then, more people are retaining natural teeth into old age and have oral disorders similar to younger adults. In addition, there has been further guidance on screening for disease that includes changes to the clinical indicators of several oral disorders and greater sensitivity to people's concerns about their oral health and care needs.

Dimensional Changes of Yttria-stabilized Zirconia under Different Preparation Designs and Sintering Protocols.

Purpose: To evaluate the linear and volumetric dimensional changes that occur throughout the fabrication process of monolithic 4.5-6% yttria-stabilized zirconia copings under the influence of different preparation designs and two sintering protocols.

Materials And Methods: A titanium master die was fabricated using Atlantis core file implant-abutment.

Clinical accuracy and reproducibility of virtual interocclusal records.

Statement Of Problem: Although in vitro studies have investigated the accuracy of virtual interocclusal records, clinical research on their ability to register virtual dental casts accurately is lacking.

Purpose: The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of the virtual interocclusal records of an intraoral scanning system compared with conventional polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) interocclusal records.

Material And Methods: Three conventional interocclusal records followed by 3 virtual interocclusal records per side per participant were made in 10 participants.

The effect of overnight storage conditions on complete denture colonization by Candida albicans and dimensional stability: A systematic review.

Statement Of Problem: Overnight removal of complete dentures is recommended to reduce the incidence of denture stomatitis. The effect of overnight storage conditions is unclear.

Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the effect of overnight storage conditions on complete denture colonization by Candida albicans and to explore the effect of overnight storage conditions on the dimensional stability of complete dentures.

Changes in Oral Health and Treatment Needs for Elderly Residents of Long-Term Care Facilities Over 10 Years.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the oral health status of seniors residing in Providence Health Care (PHC) long-term care facilities in 2002 and 2012.

Methods: Staff dentists with the University of British Columbia Geriatric Dentistry Program made a complete oral health assessment of 799 elderly residents of 7 long-term care PHC facilities in 2002 and 381 residents in the 5 remaining PHC facilities in 2012. The 2012 data were divided into those for 275 residents who had received treatment in previous years and 106 new residents.

The influence of altering sintering protocols on the optical and mechanical properties of zirconia: A review.

Objective: As a result of advancements in chairside technology and speed sintering techniques and increased esthetic demands of patients, efforts have been made to produce monolithic zirconia restorations that are highly translucent, strong, and dense. While methods for processing zirconia are well known, there is a tendency to modify the process parameters with the aim of decreasing the overall processing time and, in particular, the sintering time. This review provides clinicians with scientific evidence of the effects of altering sintering parameters used for dental zirconia on its microstructure, phase transformation, and mechanical and optical properties.

Marginal Discrepancies of Monolithic Zirconia Crowns: The Influence of Preparation Designs and Sintering Techniques.

Purpose: The marginal fit is an essential component for the clinical success of prosthodontic restorations. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of different abutment finish line widths and crown thicknesses on the marginal fit of zirconia crowns fabricated using either standard or fast sintering protocols.

Materials And Methods: Six titanium abutments were fabricated for receiving zirconia molar crowns.

The accuracy of virtual interocclusal registration during intraoral scanning.

Statement Of Problem: Evidence on the accuracy and reproducibility of the virtual interocclusal registration procedure and recommendations as to how to make a virtual interocclusal record are lacking.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess whether virtual interocclusal registration records made at different locations around the arch affect the alignment of virtual casts, and to assess whether quadrant and complete arch scans have different effects on cast alignment when they are articulated with virtual interocclusal records.

Material And Methods: Three sites of close proximity (SCPs) and 3 sites of clearance (SCs) were identified in each sextant of mounted zirconia master models.

Marginal Fit of Lithium Disilicate Crowns Fabricated Using Conventional and Digital Methodology: A Three-Dimensional Analysis.

Purpose: To compare the marginal fit of lithium disilicate (LD) crowns fabricated with digital impression and manufacturing (DD), digital impression and traditional pressed manufacturing (DP), and traditional impression and manufacturing (TP).

Materials And Methods: Tooth #15 was prepared for all-ceramic crowns on an ivorine typodont. There were 45 LD crowns fabricated using three techniques: DD, DP, and TP.

Exploring the views of relatives of frail elderly patients about participating in a geriatric dentistry program.

Elderly residents of long-term care facilities (LTC) have difficulty accessing dental services. Aiming to improve access for this population, the Geriatric Dental Program (GDP) was established by UBC Faculty of Dentistry in 2002. Within the GDP, elderly people receive fee-for-service dental care.

How do we enhance undergraduate healthcare education in dementia? A review of the role of innovative approaches and development of the Time for Dementia Programme.

Objectives: Traditional healthcare education, delivered through a series of time-limited clinical placements, often fails to deliver an understanding of the experiences of those with long-term conditions, a growing issue for healthcare systems. Responses include longitudinal integrated clerkships and senior mentor programmes allowing students' longer placements, continuity of contact and opportunities to learn about chronic illness and patient experience. We review their development and delivery in dementia and present the Time for Dementia (TFD) Programme, a novel 2-year interdisciplinary educational programme.

Evolutionary origin and functional divergence of totipotent cell homeobox genes in eutherian mammals.

Background: A central goal of evolutionary biology is to link genomic change to phenotypic evolution. The origin of new transcription factors is a special case of genomic evolution since it brings opportunities for novel regulatory interactions and potentially the emergence of new biological properties.

Results: We demonstrate that a group of four homeobox gene families (Argfx, Leutx, Dprx, Tprx), plus a gene newly described here (Pargfx), arose by tandem gene duplication from the retinal-expressed Crx gene, followed by asymmetric sequence evolution.

Molecular signatures of plastic phenotypes in two eusocial insect species with simple societies.

Phenotypic plasticity is important in adaptation and shapes the evolution of organisms. However, we understand little about what aspects of the genome are important in facilitating plasticity. Eusocial insect societies produce plastic phenotypes from the same genome, as reproductives (queens) and nonreproductives (workers).

The alternative splicing factor Nova2 regulates vascular development and lumen formation.

Vascular lumen formation is a fundamental step during angiogenesis; yet, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are poorly understood. Recent studies have shown that neural and vascular systems share common anatomical, functional and molecular similarities. Here we show that the organization of endothelial lumen is controlled at the post-transcriptional level by the alternative splicing (AS) regulator Nova2, which was previously considered to be neural cell-specific.

Case for implant platform unswitching.

Platform switching was introduced to reduce marginal bone loss and therefore maintain the gingival architecture, leading to a more favorable esthetic result. In the patient presented, recession had resulted in the exposure of the implant neck and threads; this was managed with a custom-made additional prosthetic component. The result, although not ideal esthetically, provided an implant abutment interface that was easier for the patient to clean.

Assessment of the Internal Fit of Lithium Disilicate Crowns Using Micro-CT.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the internal fit of lithium disilicate crowns fabricated using digital technology with those fabricated by conventional means.

Materials And Methods: Forty-five lithium disilicate crowns were fabricated: 15 using digital impression and computer-aided design/computer-aided machining technique (group 1), 15 from the same digital impressions, but using a conventional die and laboratory fabrication process (group 2), and 15 using a conventional poly (vinyl siloxane) (PVS) impression and laboratory fabrication process (group 3). Tooth #15 was prepared for all-ceramic restoration on an ivorine typodont, which was digitized and a replica milled in zirconia to serve as master model.

Incidence of dental caries among susceptible community-dwelling older adults using fluoride toothpaste: 2-year follow-up study.

Objectives: To explore reasons for the underuse of dental services covered by a government-funded program in Alberta.

Methods: In 2011, a survey questionnaire was sent to 4000 randomly selected clients of the Alberta Child Health Benefit and the Alberta Adult Health Benefit programs. Only respondents with children were included in the analysis.