Realising smarter stormwater management: A review of the barriers and a roadmap for real world application.

Effective management of stormwater systems is necessary for protection of both the built and natural environments. However, stormwater management is facing multiple, growing challenges, including climate change, ageing infrastructure, population growth, urbanisation, environmental concerns, regulatory and institutional changes and public awareness. While the potential of 'smart', internet-of-things enabled stormwater management systems to address these challenges is increasingly being recognised, with considerable evidence in literature for the benefits of more data-driven approaches, implementation to date remains low.

A new framework for distributed storage tanks placement based on a resilience characteristic metric and reduced modelling.

In recent years, urban flooding has been a frequent occurrence, and seriously threatens the safety of lives and properties. Rational placement of distributed storage tanks is one of the effective ways to solve urban flooding, addressing stormwater management and rainwater reuse. However, existing optimization methods (such as genetic algorithm (GA) and other evolutionary algorithms) for determining the placement of storage tanks typically have a high computational burden; as such, they can be very time-consuming, and are not conducive to energy saving, carbon reduction and work efficiency improvements.

General resilience: Conceptual formulation and quantitative assessment for intervention development in the urban wastewater system.

General resilience addresses the resilience of a water system to any threat including unknowns, in contrast to specified resilience to individual identified threats. However, quantification of general resilience is challenging and previous assessments have typically been qualitative or based on system properties that are assumed to be indicative of resilient performance. Here we present a General Resilience Assessment Methodology (GRAM), which uses a middle-state based approach to decompose general resilience into contributing components to provide a quantitative and performance-based resilience assessment.

Understanding and managing uncertainty and variability for wastewater monitoring beyond the pandemic: Lessons learned from the United Kingdom national COVID-19 surveillance programmes.

The COVID-19 pandemic has put unprecedented pressure on public health resources around the world. From adversity, opportunities have arisen to measure the state and dynamics of human disease at a scale not seen before. In the United Kingdom, the evidence that wastewater could be used to monitor the SARS-CoV-2 virus prompted the development of National wastewater surveillance programmes.

Building knowledge of university campus population dynamics to enhance near-to-source sewage surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 detection.

Wastewater surveillance has been widely implemented for monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 during the global COVID-19 pandemic, and near-to-source monitoring is of particular interest for outbreak management in discrete populations. However, variation in population size poses a challenge to the triggering of public health interventions using wastewater SARS-CoV-2 concentrations. This is especially important for near-to-source sites that are subject to significant daily variability in upstream populations.

Assessing flood resilience of urban drainage system based on a 'do-nothing' benchmark.

To deal with the threat of urban flooding, it is necessary to assess the flood resilience of urban drainage systems at the planning and design stage. This study proposes a system resilience assessment methodology based on a 'do-nothing' benchmark. In this new benchmark, the number of flooded nodes used in computation of mean flood duration in the system is that observed under a 'do-nothing' scenario (i.

Combination and placement of sustainable drainage system devices based on zero-one integer programming and schemes sampling.

The combination and placement of sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) devices is important for system design, but differing site characteristics and device properties can make this a challenging task. Opinion-based and optimization-based approaches have the disadvantages of subjectivity and excessive computational burden respectively. This paper presents a new framework for SuDS device combination and placement in system design.

Exploring wastewater system performance under future threats: Does enhancing resilience increase sustainability?

Sustainability and resilience are both key considerations in the design and operation of wastewater systems. However, there is currently a lack of understanding of the relationship between these two goals and of the effects of increasing resilience on sustainability. This paper, therefore, presents a framework for analysis of the effects of resilience-enhancing interventions on sustainability, and applies this to an urban wastewater system.

Design and operation of urban wastewater systems considering reliability, risk and resilience.

Reliability, risk and resilience are strongly related concepts and have been widely utilised in the context of water infrastructure performance analysis. However, there are many ways in which each measure can be formulated (depending on the reliability of what, risk to what from what, and resilience of what to what) and the relationships will differ depending on the formulations used. This research has developed a framework to explore the ways in which reliability, risk and resilience may be formulated, identifying possible components and knowledge required for calculation of each and formalising the conceptual relationships between specified and general resilience.

Topological attributes of network resilience: A study in water distribution systems.

Resilience has been increasingly pursued in the management of water distribution systems (WDSs) such that a system can adapt to and rapidly recover from potential failures in face of a deep uncertain and unpredictable future. Topology has been assumed to have a great impact on resilience of WDSs, and is the basis of many studies on assessing and building resilience. However, this fundamental assumption has not been justified and requires investigation.

Attribute-based intervention development for increasing resilience of urban drainage systems.

Resilience building commonly focuses on attributes such as redundancy. Whilst this may be effective in some cases, provision of specific attributes does not guarantee resilient performance and research is required to determine the suitability of such approaches. This study uses 250 combined sewer system virtual case studies to explore the effects of two attribute-based interventions (increasing distributed storage and reducing imperviousness) on performance-based resilience measures.

Optimization of storage tank locations in an urban stormwater drainage system using a two-stage approach.

Storage is important for flood mitigation and non-point source pollution control. However, to seek a cost-effective design scheme for storage tanks is very complex. This paper presents a two-stage optimization framework to find an optimal scheme for storage tanks using storm water management model (SWMM).

A framework to support decision making in the selection of sustainable drainage system design alternatives.

This paper presents a new framework for decision making in sustainable drainage system (SuDS) scheme design. It integrates resilience, hydraulic performance, pollution control, rainwater usage, energy analysis, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and costs, and has 12 indicators. The multi-criteria analysis methods of entropy weight and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) were selected to support SuDS scheme selection.

Global resilience analysis of water distribution systems.

Evaluating and enhancing resilience in water infrastructure is a crucial step towards more sustainable urban water management. As a prerequisite to enhancing resilience, a detailed understanding is required of the inherent resilience of the underlying system. Differing from traditional risk analysis, here we propose a global resilience analysis (GRA) approach that shifts the objective from analysing multiple and unknown threats to analysing the more identifiable and measurable system responses to extreme conditions, i.

Reliable, resilient and sustainable water management: the Safe & SuRe approach.

Global threats such as climate change, population growth, and rapid urbanization pose a huge future challenge to water management, and, to ensure the ongoing reliability, resilience and sustainability of service provision, a paradigm shift is required. This paper presents an overarching framework that supports the development of strategies for reliable provision of services while explicitly addressing the need for greater resilience to emerging threats, leading to more sustainable solutions. The framework logically relates global threats, the water system (in its broadest sense), impacts on system performance, and social, economic, and environmental consequences.