Molecular Diversity of subsp. in Four Dairy Goat Herds from Thuringia (Germany).

This study investigated the intra- and inter-herd diversity of subsp. (MAP) isolates from four goat herds in Thuringia (Germany) that were affected by paratuberculosis for several years. The main focus was on the characterization and distribution of genotypes among animals and the environment of goat herd 1.

subsp. in Different Environmental Samples from a Dairy Goat Barn-Implications for Sampling Strategies for Paratuberculosis Diagnostic and Prevention.

Environmental samples are often used to classify the paratuberculosis status of cattle herds. The disease is caused by subsp. (MAP), predominantly through oral ingestion during infancy.

Analysis of Colostrum and Udder Skin Swabs from a Dairy Goat Herd in Germany regarding the Occurrence of Subsp. .

Oral intake of subspecies (MAP) in first days of life is considered to be the main route of infection for paratuberculosis. This can be related to a direct contact to contaminated feces or feeding of MAP containing colostrum. Colostrum is believed to become contaminated either by lactogenic shedding or introduction of MAP from environmental sources.