Impact of being taken into out-of-home care: a longitudinal cohort study of First Nations and other child welfare agencies in Manitoba, Canada.

Background: Across Canada, Child Protection Services (CPS) disrupt Indigenous families by apprehending their children at alarmingly high rates. The harms borne by children in out-of-home care (OoHC) have been extensively documented. We examined the impact of OoHC on Manitoba children's health and legal system outcomes to provide rigorous evidence on how discretionary decision-making by CPS agencies can affect these outcomes.

What's in a name? Attitudes surrounding the use of the term 'mental retardation'.

Over the past 200 years, there have been periodic shifts in the terminology used to describe what is still most commonly referred to in the medical world as 'mental retardation'. There are differing opinions about the acceptability of the term, but very little existing evidence on which clinicians can base their decisions regarding what terminology to use with patients and families, and with one another. The present survey of parents and professionals used questions based on paper-based clinical scenarios to survey each group's attitudes about terminology usage.