A framework for remotely enabled co-design with young people: its development and application with neurodiverse children and their caregivers.

Introduction: This paper describes an innovative Framework for Remotely Enabled Co-Design with Young people (FREDY), which details an adaptable four-stage process for generating design concepts with children and other key stakeholders in a naturalistic and inclusive way.

Methods: Recommendations from existing patient engagement and design methodologies were combined to provide research teams with procedures to capture and analyse end-user requirements rapidly. Resulting insights were applied through iterative design cycles to achieve accelerated and user-driven innovation.

Development and initial qualitative evaluation of a novel school-based nutrition intervention - COOKKIT (Cooking Kit for Kids).

Background: Excess weight and an unhealthy diet are risk factors for many cancers, and in high income countries, both are more prevalent among low income families. Dietary interventions targeting primary-school aged children (under 11) can improve healthy eating behaviours, but most are not designed to support the translation of skills learnt in the classroom to the home setting. This paper assessed attitudes and approaches to cooking and eating at home, and the potential to enhance engagement in healthy eating through the COOKKIT intervention.

"We have been magnified for years - Now you are under the microscope!": Co-researchers with Learning Disabilities Created an Online Survey to Challenge Public Understanding of Learning Disabilities.

Public attitudes towards learning disabilities (LDs) are generally reported as positive, inclusive and empathetic. However, these findings do not reflect the lived experiences of people with LDs. To shed light on this disparity, a team of co-researchers with LDs created the first online survey to challenge public understanding of LDs, asking questions in ways that are important to them and represent how they see themselves.

Design and the Mind Engaging and Collaborative Workshops for the Neurodiverse.

This project seeks to reframe notions and approaches for engagement with neurodiverse groups and individuals using a developed design suite of functioning and dynamic tools and methods underpinned by inclusive principled guidelines which will be used by The Wellcome Collection Hub, the wider organisation and Hub partners to improve inclusion and accessibility. These orthodoxies will aid the reframing of neurodiverse inclusive museum focused interactions and co-creation at the Wellcome Collection Hub. The project, has been undertaken in partnership with the Helen Hamlyn Centre for Design, Royal College of Art and the Wellcome Collection.

Using Design Thinking to Develop New Methods of Inclusive Exhibition Making.

Museums and galleries are now making significant developments in the area of inclusion and awareness of disability rights. There have been noticeable advances in the design of cultural, physical and digital spaces, which provide wider access to a museum's physical and intellectual resources, for individuals of diverse ages and abilities. However, responses have varied in consistency, efficacy, and legacy.

Designing for designers: insights into the knowledge users of inclusive design.

Over the last twenty years, research on inclusive design has delivered a wealth of publications and initiatives, forming an emerging knowledge base for inclusive design. The inclusive design knowledge base breaks down into two discrete areas - understanding end users from many different perspectives, and understanding the information needs of the knowledge users (e.g.

Synthesis of 11-thialinoleic acid and 14-thialinoleic acid, inhibitors of soybean and human lipoxygenases.

Lipoxygenases catalyse the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and have been invoked in many diseases including cancer, atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Currently, no X-ray structures are available with substrate or substrate analogues bound in a productive conformation. Such structures would be very useful for examining interactions between substrate and active site residues.

Isotope sensitive branching and kinetic isotope effects in the reaction of deuterated arachidonic acids with human 12- and 15-lipoxygenases.

Lipoxygenases (LOs) catalyze lipid peroxidation and have been implicated in a number of human diseases connected to oxidative stress and inflammation. These enzymes have also attracted considerable attention due to large kinetic isotope effects (30-80) for the rate-limiting hydrogen abstraction step with linoleic acid (LA) as substrate. Herein, we report kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) in the reactions of three human LOs (platelet 12-hLO, reticulocyte 15-hLO-1, and epithelial 15-hLO-2) with arachidonic acid (AA).

Synthesis of 7-thiaarachidonic acid as a mechanistic probe of prostaglandin H synthase-2.

The mechanism by which prostaglandin synthase converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandin G(2), creating five new chiral centers in the process, is still incompletely understood. The first radical intermediate has been characterized by EPR spectroscopy but subsequent proposed intermediates have not succumbed to detection. We report the synthesis of 7-thiaarachidonic acid designed to stabilize one of the proposed radical intermediates, which may allow its detection.

Synthesis of site-specifically deuterated arachidonic acid derivatives containing a remote tritium radiolabel.

The synthesis of arachidonic acid derivatives containing site-specifically incorporated deuterium atoms and also a remote tritium label are described. Deuterium incorporation at the C11 and/or C15 position was achieved using Wittig chemistry, while the radiolabel was introduced at a remote position using [(3)H]NaBH(4) as the radiolabel source. These compounds can be used to measure secondary kinetic isotope effects for both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes under aerobic turnover with high precision.

Synthesis of site-specifically labeled arachidonic acids as mechanistic probes for prostaglandin H synthase.

[structure: see text] Prostaglandin H synthase catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxane. Herein we report the synthesis of four site-specifically labeled arachidonic acids for investigation of the radical intermediate formed during this enzymatic reaction. Two compounds were prepared using a common C9-C11 fragment, while another target was synthesized using a previously reported advanced intermediate.

Enzymatic hydrogen atom abstraction from polyunsaturated fatty acids.

The oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic and linoleic acid initiates a plethora of cell signaling pathways in animals and plants. The chemistry of the enzymatic oxidation has been investigated for several enzymes, most notably prostaglandin synthase and the lipoxygenases, revealing many surprises and impressive examples of enzymatic control of hydrogen atom abstraction and subsequent oxygenation.

Mechanistic investigation of a novel vitamin B(12)-catalyzed carbon [bond] carbon bond forming reaction, the reductive dimerization of arylalkenes.

In the presence of catalytic vitamin B(12) and a reducing agent such as Ti(III)citrate or Zn, arylalkenes are dimerized with unusual regioselectivity forming a carbon [bond] carbon bond between the benzylic carbons of each coupling partner. Dimerization products were obtained in good to excellent yields for mono- and 1,1-disubstituted alkenes. Dienes containing one aryl alkene underwent intramolecular cyclization in good yields.