Effects of integrated takeover request warning with personal portable device on takeover time and post-takeover performance in level 3 driving automation.

Introduction: Level 3 driving automation defined by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) requests human drivers to drive manually when the vehicle cannot perform the driving task. In this regard, researchers have studied the integrated takeover request (TOR) which provides visual and auditory TOR warning in both vehicle interface (e.g.

Conditional Generative Adversarial Network-Based roadway crash risk prediction considering heterogeneity with dynamic data.

Introduction: Roadway crash data are very rare and occur randomly, therefore there are several challenges to developing a crash prediction model for real-time traffic safety management. Recently, to resolve the problem of crash data sample size, researchers have conducted studies on crash data augmentation using machine learning techniques for developing safety evaluation models. However, it's important to incorporate the specific characteristics of crash data into augmentation and crash risk assessment, as these characteristics vary depending on spatial and temporal conditions.

Damage sensing through TLR9 regulates inflammatory and antiviral responses during influenza infection.

Host response aimed at eliminating the infecting pathogen, as well as the pathogen itself, can cause tissue injury. Tissue injury leads to the release of a myriad of cellular components including mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which the host senses through pattern recognition receptors. How the sensing of tissue injury by the host shapes the anti-pathogen response remains poorly understood.

Secondhand vape exposure regulation of CFTR and immune function in cystic fibrosis.

Secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe) is a public health threat for people with cystic fibrosis (CF) and other lung diseases. Primary smoking reduces CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel function, the causative defect in CF. We reported that SHSe worsens respiratory and nutritional outcomes in CF by disrupting immune responses and metabolic signaling.

A Pattern-Based OCT Metric for Glaucoma Detection.

Purpose: To develop and test a novel optical coherence tomography (OCT) metric for the detection of glaucoma based on a logistic regression model (LRM) and known patterns of glaucomatous damage.

Methods: The six variables of the LRM were based on characteristic patterns of damage seen on the OCT thickness maps of the ganglion cell layer plus inner plexiform layer (GCL+) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). Two cohorts were used to develop the LRM.

Accuracy of Financial Disclosures by Scientific Presenters/Authors at the ASNR 2024 annual meeting.

Physician-industry financial relationships can drive research and innovation, improving patient care and outcomes, but potentially raise ethical concerns if not disclosed appropriately. This study shows high rates of non-disclosures by authors/presenters at the ASNR 2024 annual meeting, despite strict requirements. 86.

Expression study of Krabbe Disease missense variants - Insights from quantification profiles of residual enzyme activity, secretion and psychosine levels.

Krabbe disease (KD) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the gene, which encodes for the enzyme galactosylceramidase (GALC). GALC is crucial for myelin metabolism. Functional deficiency of GALC leads to toxic accumulation of psychosine, dysfunction and death of oligodendrocytes, and eventual brain demyelination.

Characteristics of a Large Database of Healthy Eyes From Optometry Practices: Implications for a Real-World Reference Database.

Purpose: To compare an optical coherence tomography (OCT) real-world reference database (RW-RDB) of "healthy" eyes obtained from optometry practices to a commercial reference database (RDB).

Methods: OCT scans from 6804 individuals 18 years and older were sampled from a larger database tested at 10 optometry practices involved in refractive and screening services. Employing a reading center method, OCT scans from both eyes of 4932 (4.

A Nerve-Fibroblast Axis in Mammalian Lung Fibrosis.

Fibrosis contributes to incurable pathologies in vital organs including the lung. Myofibroblasts are fibrogenic effector cells that accumulate via incompletely understood mechanisms. We discovered that α1-adrenoreceptor expressing myofibroblasts receive sympathetic nerve-derived noradrenergic inputs in fibrotic mouse and human lungs.

Patient Perspectives on a Digital Assistant for Medication Reconciliation: An Interview Study Comparing Socioeconomic Groups.

Medication reconciliation, the process of documenting a patient's medication, is currently a time-consuming and labor-intensive process. To make medication reconciliation more efficient, digital assistants (DAs) offer a promising solution. Especially since human-like digital interfaces tend to be appreciated by more vulnerable populations such as patients in a low socioeconomic position (SEP).

cGAS Expression is Enhanced in Systemic Sclerosis Associated Interstitial Lung Disease and Stimulates Inflammatory Myofibroblast Activation.

Objective: The lungs of patients with Systemic Sclerosis Associated Interstitial Lung Disease (SSc-ILD) contain inflammatory myofibroblasts arising in association with fibrotic stimuli and perturbed innate immunity. The innate immune DNA binding receptor Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is implicated in inflammation and fibrosis, but its involvement in SSc-ILD remains unknown. We examined cGAS expression, activity, and therapeutic potential in SSc-ILD using cultured fibroblasts, precision cut lung slices (PCLS), and a well-accepted animal model.

Toll-like Receptor 9 Inhibition Mitigates Fibroproliferative Responses in Translational Models of Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Rationale: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal lung disease for which current treatment options only slow clinical progression. Previously, we identified a subset of patients with IPF with an accelerated disease course associated with fibroblast expression of Toll-Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) mediated by interactions with its ligand mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).

Objectives: We aimed to show that TLR9 activation induces fibroproliferative responses that are abrogated by its antagonism by using two commercially-available indirect inhibitors and a proprietary, selective direct small molecule inhibitor.

Proportion of industry payment value by category in radiology relative to other specialties.

Background: Industry payments to physicians are common, but it is unknown how the payments in different categories to radiologists compare to other specialties.

Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the proportion of industry payments to physicians in radiology in certain categories relative to other specialties.

Methods: The Open Payments Database was analyzed from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2021 for industry payments to all allopathic & osteopathic physicians, and classified into distinct clinical specialties.

Plasma collagen neoepitopes are associated with multiorgan disease in the ACCESS and GRADS sarcoidosis cohorts.

Introduction: The pathogenesis of sarcoidosis involves tissue remodelling mediated by the accumulation of abnormal extracellular matrix, which is partly the result of an imbalance in collagen synthesis, cross-linking and degradation. During this process, collagen fragments or neoepitopes, are released into the circulation. The significance of these circulating collagen neoepitopes in sarcoidosis remains unknown.

Industry relationships with interventional radiologists: Who are the high payment physicians?

Purpose: To identify characteristics of interventional radiologists receiving more than $100,000 in general industry payments over a 5-year period (2017-2021).

Methods: The Open Payments database was queried to identify interventional radiologists who received more than $100,000 in consulting fees, speaker fees, education, and/or gifts over a 5-year period from 2017 to 2021. The national provider identifier registry, Scopus, and a web-based search were used to identify physician characteristics, such as demographics, research profile, leadership positions, and social media presence.

Utilising raw psycho-physiological data and functional data analysis for estimating mental workload in human drivers.

Recent studies have focused on accurately estimating mental workload using machine learning algorithms and extracting features from physiological measures. However, feature extraction leads to the loss of valuable information and often results in binary classifications that lack specificity in the identification of optimum mental workload. This study investigates the feasibility of using raw physiological data (EEG, facial EMG, ECG, EDA, pupillometry) combined with Functional Data Analysis (FDA) to estimate the mental workload of human drivers.

Salary Equity in Academic Radiology Relative to Other Clinical Specialties.

Background: Equity in faculty compensation in U.S. academic radiology physicians relative to other specialties is not well known.

Intranasal neomycin evokes broad-spectrum antiviral immunity in the upper respiratory tract.

Respiratory virus infections in humans cause a broad-spectrum of diseases that result in substantial morbidity and mortality annually worldwide. To reduce the global burden of respiratory viral diseases, preventative and therapeutic interventions that are accessible and effective are urgently needed, especially in countries that are disproportionately affected. Repurposing generic medicine has the potential to bring new treatments for infectious diseases to patients efficiently and equitably.

Anatomical Features can Affect OCT Measures Used for Clinical Decisions and Clinical Trial Endpoints.

Purpose: To understand the association between anatomical parameters of healthy eyes and optical coherence tomography (OCT) circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) thickness measurements.

Methods: OCT cpRNFL thickness was obtained from 396 healthy eyes in a commercial reference database (RDB). The temporal quadrant (TQ), superior quadrant (SQ), inferior quadrant (IQ), and global (G) cpRNFL thicknesses were analyzed.

Diabetes Research Matters: A Three-Round Priority-Setting Survey Consultation with Adults Living with Diabetes and Family Members in Australia.

Objective: We aimed to identify the health and quality-of-life research priorities of Australians with diabetes or family members.

Methods: Through an iterative, three-step, online survey process we (1) qualitatively generated research topics (long list) in response to one question "What research is needed to support people with diabetes to live a better life?"; (2) determined the most important research questions (short list); and (3) ranked research questions in order of importance (priorities). We aimed to recruit N = 800 participants, with approximate equal representation of diabetes type and family members.

Financial Conflicts of Interest Among Physician Authors of ACR Appropriateness Criteria.

Background: The accuracy and completeness of self-disclosures by authors of imaging guidelines are not well known.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of financial disclosures by US authors of ACR appropriateness criteria.

Methods: We reviewed financial disclosures provided by US-based authors of all ACR-AC published in 2019, 2021 and 2023.