Increased Occurrence of Malignancy Before and after Chemoradiation for Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Multi-Institutional Analysis.

Background: Anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) is a rare cancer with increased occurrence of multiple cancers before and after the ASCC diagnosis. However, there is limited data on this aspect. This multi-institutional analysis aimed to define the occurrence of malignancies before and after ASCC, time trends, impact on survival, and identify prognostic factors.

Pembrolizumab in Combination with Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Patients with Resectable Adenocarcinoma of the Gastroesophageal Junction.

Purpose: This phase Ib/2 trial investigated pembrolizumab-containing trimodality therapy in patients with gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma.

Patients And Methods: Patients with GEJ adenocarcinoma (cT1-3NanyM0) received neoadjuvant pembrolizumab-containing chemoradiation (CROSS regimen) followed by surgical resection and adjuvant pembrolizumab. The primary endpoints were tolerability in the first 16 patients and pathologic complete response [pCR (ypT0N0)].

Categorisation of patients based on immune profiles: a new approach to identifying candidates for response to checkpoint inhibitors.

Objectives: Inhibitors to the checkpoint proteins cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) are becoming widely used in cancer treatment. However, a lack of understanding of the patient response to treatment limits accurate identification of potential responders to immunotherapy.

Methods: In this study, we assessed the expression of PD-1 and CTLA-4 on 19 leucocyte populations in the peripheral blood of 74 cancer patients.