CG Dinucleotide Removal in Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Reporters Improves HIV-1 Replication and Reporter Gene Expression for Dual Imaging in Humanized Mice.

Visualizing the transmission and dissemination of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in real time in humanized mouse models is a robust tool to investigate viral replication during treatments and in tissue reservoirs. However, the stability and expression of HIV-1 reporter genes are obstacles for long-term serial imaging . Two replication-competent CCR5-tropic HIV-1 reporter constructs were created that encode either nanoluciferase (nLuc) or a nearinfrared fluorescent protein (iRFP) upstream of .

Two Coselected Distal Mutations in HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase (RT) Alter Susceptibility to Nonnucleoside RT Inhibitors and Nucleoside Analogs.

Two mutations, G112D and M230I, were selected in the reverse transcriptase (RT) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by a novel nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). G112D is located near the HIV-1 polymerase active site; M230I is located near the hydrophobic region where NNRTIs bind. Thus, M230I could directly interfere with NNRTI binding but G112D could not.