Modeling the size of small spills of pure volatile liquids for use in evaporation rate and air concentration modeling.

Exposure modeling is a valuable tool for assessing chemical vapor exposures that occur during transient events such as small spills of volatile liquids. Models are available to estimate liquid evaporation rates and resulting air concentrations. However, liquid evaporation rate models require the surface area of the puddle in order to provide vapor generation rates in terms of mass per time.

Interzonal airflow rates for use in near-field far-field workplace concentration modeling.

Interzonal air flow rates (β) for a workspace above a table were measured in 12 indoor air spaces using an experimental apparatus simulating a vapor release into an occupied near zone. The near field was modeled as a 0.32 m rectangular cube volume 0.

Mass balance source apportionment modeling of indoor air pollution exposures during the Ethiopian coffee ceremony.

Mass balance modeling was used to apportion previously measured carbon monoxide and respirable particle exposures of women preparing coffee during Ethiopian coffee ceremonies. The coffee ceremony generates smoke indoors from the use of charcoal and incense. This creates inhalation exposures, particularly for the women preparing the coffee.

Inhalation exposures to particulate matter and carbon monoxide during Ethiopian coffee ceremonies in Addis Ababa: a pilot study.

The unique Ethiopian cultural tradition of the coffee ceremony increases inhalation exposures to combustion byproducts. This pilot study evaluated exposures to particulate matter and carbon monoxide in ten Addis Ababa homes during coffee ceremonies. For coffee preparers the geometric mean (57 μg/m³) and median (72 μg/m³) contributions to an increase in a 24-hour time-weighted average exposure were above World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines.

An application of exposure modeling in exposure assessments for a university chemistry teaching laboratory.

Chemical exposures in a university teaching lab were assessed using a tiered approach to modeling. Zero ventilation and well mixed room models estimated air concentrations of ethyl ether, n-hexane, and methylene chloride during distillation and extraction exercises. A simple, zero ventilation model determined that health risks from the ethyl ether exercise were minimum.