Aldehyde Oxidase Contributes to All--Retinoic Acid Biosynthesis in Human Liver.

All--retinoic acid (RA) is a critical endogenous signaling molecule. RA is predominantly synthesized from retinaldehyde by aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1), but aldehyde oxidase (AOX) may also contribute to RA biosynthesis. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that AOX contributes significantly to RA formation in human liver.