History of contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS).

The 50th year of the European Federation of Societies in Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB) has been celebrated 2022 publishing articles on the history of US. Contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) allows to visualize blood flow and tissue perfusion. CEUS has proven to be safe without risk of nephrotoxicity.

Artificial Intelligence Interpretation of the Electrocardiogram: A State-of-the-Art Review.

Purpose Of Review: Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming electrocardiography (ECG) interpretation. AI diagnostics can reach beyond human capabilities, facilitate automated access to nuanced ECG interpretation, and expand the scope of cardiovascular screening in the population. AI can be applied to the standard 12-lead resting ECG and single-lead ECGs in external monitors, implantable devices, and direct-to-consumer smart devices.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in paediatric cardiac surgery: 5-year single centre experience.

Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has become an integral part of paediatric cardiac surgery. We report the experience of a well-established ECMO service over 5 years.

Methods: This retrospective study analysed all paediatric patients who required ECMO support following cardiac surgery from April 2015 to March 2020.

Species redistribution creates unequal outcomes for multispecies fisheries under projected climate change.

Climate change drives species distribution shifts, affecting the availability of resources people rely upon for food and livelihoods. These impacts are complex, manifest at local scales, and have diverse effects across multiple species. However, for wild capture fisheries, current understanding is dominated by predictions for individual species at coarse spatial scales.

Recommendations for quantifying and reducing uncertainty in climate projections of species distributions.

Projecting the future distributions of commercially and ecologically important species has become a critical approach for ecosystem managers to strategically anticipate change, but large uncertainties in projections limit climate adaptation planning. Although distribution projections are primarily used to understand the scope of potential change-rather than accurately predict specific outcomes-it is nonetheless essential to understand where and why projections can give implausible results and to identify which processes contribute to uncertainty. Here, we use a series of simulated species distributions, an ensemble of 252 species distribution models, and an ensemble of three regional ocean climate projections, to isolate the influences of uncertainty from earth system model spread and from ecological modeling.

Contemporary Multimodality Imaging of Primary Hyperparathyroidism.

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a disorder characterized by hypercalcemia and an elevated or inappropriately normal parathyroid hormone level. Classic features include bone pain, fractures, renal impairment, nephrolithiasis, and mental disturbance. However, most cases of PHPT are now asymptomatic at diagnosis or associated with nonspecific neurocognitive changes.

Development of and Gathering Validity Evidence for a Theoretical Test in Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound.

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is an imaging modality applied in a broad field of medical specialties for diagnostic uses, guidance during biopsy procedures and ablation therapies and sonoporation therapy. Appropriate training and assessment of theoretical and practical competencies are recommended before practicing CEUS, but no validated assessment tools exist. This study was aimed at developing a theoretical multiple-choice question-based test for core CEUS competencies and gathering validity evidence for the test.

Quality of life and functional status of patients treated with venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation at 6 months.

Purpose: Quality of life (QoL) outcomes of patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have been conflicting. This study reports on QoL outcomes for a broad group of ARDS patients managed with up-to-date treatment modalities.

Methods: We prospectively recruited patients at a quaternary hospital in the United Kingdom from 2013 to 2015 who were treated with ECMO for ARDS.

Experience with the Crescent cannula for adult respiratory VV ECMO: a case series.

Introduction: The Crescent is a recently introduced dual lumen cannula by which veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) is delivered. It has a number of features that enhance its ease of placement, pressure-flow dynamics and may reduce catheter-related complication rates.

Methods: We present the first case series of its kind analysing this device by means of a retrospective observational study of prospectively collected data from the first year of its use in a high volume severe acute respiratory failure centre (Glenfield, UK).

Imaging in whole organ pancreatic transplants and a multimodality review of its complications.

This pictorial review will describe the normal anatomy of whole organ pancreatic transplants and the common surgical variants with which the radiologist should be familiar. Complications may be divided into (1) vascular: arterial occlusion and stenosis, venous thrombosis, pseudoaneurysms and arteriovenous fistulae, (2) parenchymal complications such as pancreatitis and the variety of peripancreatic collections, and (3) enteric complications including leak and fistula formation. The radiologist plays a crucial role in the initial assessment of graft anatomy and perfusion, prompt diagnosis, and increasingly, in the management of complications.

Six-Month Survival After Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe COVID-19.

Objectives: The authors evaluated the outcome of adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

Design: Multicenter retrospective, observational study.

Setting: Ten tertiary referral university and community hospitals.

Mobile Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

To review our experience with mobile extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Mobile ECMO team included: ECMO-trained surgeon and intensivist, specialist nurse, and perfusionist. Patients were cannulated for venous-arterial (V-A) or venous-venous (V-V) ECMO, depending on clinical indication.

Outcomes of the NHS England National Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Service for adults with respiratory failure: a multicentre observational cohort study.

Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is increasingly used to support adults with severe respiratory failure refractory to conventional measures. In 2011, NHS England commissioned a national service to provide ECMO to adults with refractory acute respiratory failure. Our aims were to characterise the patients admitted to the service, report their outcomes, and highlight characteristics potentially associated with survival.

Extra-Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Neonatal Respiratory Support.

To review our experience with Extra-Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) for respiratory support in neonates. From 1989 to 2018 2114 patients underwent respiratory ECMO support, with 764 (36%) neonates. Veno-Venous (V-V) cannulation was used in 428 (56%) neonates and Veno-Arterial (V-A) in 336 (44%).

International Survey on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Transport.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a lifesaving therapy for severe respiratory and circulatory failure. It is best performed in high-volume centers to optimize resource utilization and outcomes. Regionalization of ECMO might require the implementation of therapy before and during transfer to the high-volume center.

From the predictable to the unexpected: kelp forest and benthic invertebrate community dynamics following decades of sea otter expansion.

The recovery of predators has the potential to restore ecosystems and fundamentally alter the services they provide. One iconic example of this is keystone predation by sea otters in the Northeast Pacific. Here, we combine spatial time series of sea otter abundance, canopy kelp area, and benthic invertebrate abundance from Washington State, USA, to examine the shifting consequences of sea otter reintroduction for kelp and kelp forest communities.

Use of a tracheal dilator for percutaneous insertion of 27F and 31F Avalon dual-lumen cannulae for veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in adults.

Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation can be performed either by two cannulae or by a single dual-lumen cannula. The dual-lumen cannulation configuration offers multiple advantages: it avoids the femoral site which may be at greater risk of infection, it improves patient mobility, eases prone positioning and greatly reduces recirculation. The Avalon was the first commercially available dual-lumen cannula for adults.

Cannulation for Neonatal and Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Cardiac Support.

The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has increased over recent years providing respiratory and cardiac support. Optimal cannula placement is essential for successful patient outcomes. Multiple cannulation strategies may be employed depending on the age/weight of the patient and their underlying condition.

Stable Isotope Applications for Understanding Shark Ecology in the Northeast Pacific Ocean.

Stable isotopes are used to address a wide range of ecological questions and can help researchers and managers better understand the movement and trophic ecology of sharks. Here, we review how shark studies from the Northeast Pacific Ocean (NEP) have employed stable isotopes to estimate trophic level and diet composition and infer movement and habitat-use patterns. To date, the number of NEP shark studies that have used stable isotopes is limited, suggesting that the approach is underutilized.

The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in neonates with severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a 26-year experience from a tertiary centre.

Objectives: Neonates with severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) have a high rate of mortality. There is controversy regarding optimal time of surgical intervention. We present our data over a 26-year period.

Risks of ocean acidification in the California Current food web and fisheries: ecosystem model projections.

The benefits and ecosystem services that humans derive from the oceans are threatened by numerous global change stressors, one of which is ocean acidification. Here, we describe the effects of ocean acidification on an upwelling system that already experiences inherently low pH conditions, the California Current. We used an end-to-end ecosystem model (Atlantis), forced by downscaled global climate models and informed by a meta-analysis of the pH sensitivities of local taxa, to investigate the direct and indirect effects of future pH on biomass and fisheries revenues.

High-throughput allele-specific expression across 250 environmental conditions.

Gene-by-environment (GxE) interactions determine common disease risk factors and biomedically relevant complex traits. However, quantifying how the environment modulates genetic effects on human quantitative phenotypes presents unique challenges. Environmental covariates are complex and difficult to measure and control at the organismal level, as found in GWAS and epidemiological studies.

Safety and Outcomes of Mobile ECMO Using a Bicaval Dual-Stage Venous Catheter.

There is little published data on the safety and effectiveness of mobile (inter-hospital) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in adults, particularly focusing on the cannulation strategy. We sought to study the outcomes of patients cannulated with a bicaval dual lumen catheter needing mobile compared with conventional ECMO. Specifically, we evaluated the safety of using this cannulation strategy during initiation, in transport and overall performance.

Which Genetics Variants in DNase-Seq Footprints Are More Likely to Alter Binding?

Large experimental efforts are characterizing the regulatory genome, yet we are still missing a systematic definition of functional and silent genetic variants in non-coding regions. Here, we integrated DNaseI footprinting data with sequence-based transcription factor (TF) motif models to predict the impact of a genetic variant on TF binding across 153 tissues and 1,372 TF motifs. Each annotation we derived is specific for a cell-type condition or assay and is locally motif-driven.