Short-term postoperative complications in preterm neonates with surgical necrotizing enterocolitis: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Background: Over half of preterm neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) require surgery, making it essential to understand short-term postoperative outcomes and complication rates. Therefore, this study aimed to provide an overview of 30-day postoperative complications for NEC. Secondary, risk factors for minor and major short-term postoperative complications were identified.

Formula protein versus human milk protein and the effects on growth in preterm born infants.

Purpose Of Review: This review aims to evaluate the latest available evidence on the differences between human milk proteins versus infant formula proteins and its effects on growth and development in preterm infants.

Recent Findings: High protein intake supports initial growth in preterm infants, although the long-term benefits remain unclear. Human milk requires adequate fortification to meet nutritional needs of preterm born infants.

Macronutrient concentrations in human milk beyond the first half year of lactation: a cohort study.

Objective: Human milk composition is dynamic. While extensive research has focused on its macronutrient concentrations during the first 6 months of lactation, limited research exists for extended lactation periods. This study aims to examine the nutritional composition of human milk during these longer lactation phases.

Safe and efficient practice of parenteral nutrition in neonates and children aged 0-18 years - The role of licensed multi-chamber bags.

Parenteral nutrition (PN) is recognized as a complex high-risk therapy. Its practice is highly variable and frequently suboptimal in pediatric patients. Optimizing care requires evidence, consensus-based guidelines, audits of practice, and standardized strategies.

Reevaluating the FDA's warning against the use of probiotics in preterm neonates: A societal statement by ESPGHAN and EFCNI.

The recent advisory issued by the United States Food and Drug Administration, cautioning against the routine administration of probiotics in preterm neonates, has sparked a lively debate within the scientific community. This commentary presents a perspective from members of the Special Interest Group on Gut Microbiota and Modifications within the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) and other authors who contributed to the ESPGHAN position paper on probiotics for preterm infants, as well as representatives from the European Foundation for the Care of Newborn Infants. We advocate for a more nuanced and supportive approach to the use of certain probiotics in this vulnerable population, balancing the demonstrated benefits and risks.

Prebiotics in the management of pediatric gastrointestinal disorders: Position paper of the ESPGHAN special interest group on gut microbiota and modifications.

Prebiotics are substrates that are selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit. Compared to probiotics there are few studies with prebiotics in children. Most studies have been performed using infant formula supplemented with prebiotics, while add-on prebiotic supplementation as prevention or treatment of childhood gastrointestinal disorders has rarely been reported.

The influence of a maternal vegan diet on carnitine and vitamin B2 concentrations in human milk.

Background: The maternal diet greatly influences the nutritional composition of human milk. With the rise of vegan diets by lactating mothers, there are concerns about the nutritional adequacy of their milk. Two important nutrients, vitamin B2 and carnitine, are mostly ingested via animal products.

Enteral Feeding for Moderately Premature and Low Birth Weight Infants: A Single-Center Retrospective Observational Cohort Study.

Controversy exists in clinical practice regarding optimal initial enteral feeding (EF) for moderately premature and low birth weight (BW) infants. We included 96 infants stratified into 3 groups (I: 1600-1799 g [n = 22]; II: 1800-1999 g [n = 42]; III: 2000-2200 g [n = 32]). The protocol recommended starting with minimal EF (MEF) in infants weighing <1800 g.

Nutrition and Growth in Preterm and Term Infants.

n/a.

Exhaled Volatile Organic Compounds for Early Prediction of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Infants Born Preterm.

Objective(s): To investigate the predictive performances of exhaled breath volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in infants born preterm.

Methods: Exhaled breath was collected from infants born <30 weeks' gestation at days 3 and 7 of life. Ion fragments detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis were used to derive and internally validate a VOC prediction model for moderate or severe BPD at 36 weeks of postmenstrual age.

Enteral Nutrition in Preterm Infants (2022): A Position Paper From the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition and Invited Experts.

Objectives: To review the current literature and develop consensus conclusions and recommendations on nutrient intakes and nutritional practice in preterm infants with birthweight <1800 g.

Methods: The European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) Committee of Nutrition (CoN) led a process that included CoN members and invited experts. Invited experts with specific expertise were chosen to represent as broad a geographical spread as possible.

Probiotics for the Management of Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disorders: Position Paper of the ESPGHAN Special Interest Group on Gut Microbiota and Modifications.

Background: Probiotics, defined as live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host, are widely used despite uncertainty regarding their efficacy and discordant recommendations about their use. The European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) Special Interest Group on Gut Microbiota and Modifications provides updated recommendations for the use of probiotics for the management of selected pediatric gastrointestinal disorders.

Methods: All systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses, as well as subsequently published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (until December 2021), that compared the use of probiotics in all delivery vehicles and formulations, at any dose, with no probiotic (ie, placebo or no treatment), were eligible for inclusion.

The Effect of Pasteurization on the Antioxidant Properties of Human Milk: A Literature Review.

High rates of oxidative stress are common in preterm born infants and have short- and long-term consequences. The antioxidant properties of human milk limits the consequences of excessive oxidative damage. However, as the mother's own milk it is not always available, donor milk may be provided as the best alternative.

Endogenous Oxalate Production in Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1 Patients.

Background: Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is an inborn error of glyoxylate metabolism, characterized by increased endogenous oxalate production. The metabolic pathways underlying oxalate synthesis have not been fully elucidated, and upcoming therapies require more reliable outcome parameters than the currently used plasma oxalate levels and urinary oxalate excretion rates. We therefore developed a stable isotope infusion protocol to assess endogenous oxalate synthesis rate and the contribution of glycolate to both oxalate and glycine synthesis in vivo .

Meeting Protein and Energy Requirements of Preterm Infants Receiving Human Milk.

Mother's own milk is universally recognized as the optimal source of nutrition for preterm infants, although most authorities agree a multi-nutrient fortifier must be added in order to support nutrient accretion at a rate comparable to in utero. Nevertheless, many preterm infants face a gap between achieved growth and what could have been achieved in utero. In this narrative review, we provide an overview on the macronutrient content in mother's own milk and donor milk and how this can be enhanced by the various available multi-nutrient fortifiers.