Fast quantitative MRI: Spiral Acquisition Matching-Based Algorithm (SAMBA) for Robust T and T Mapping.

Conventional diagnostic images from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are typically qualitative and require subjective interpretation. Alternatively, quantitative MRI (qMRI) methods have become more prevalent in recent years with multiple clinical and preclinical imaging applications. Quantitative MRI studies on preclinical MRI scanners are being used to objectively assess tissues and pathologies in animal models and to evaluate new molecular MRI contrast agents.

Searching for Protein Off-Targets of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen-Targeting Radioligands in the Salivary Glands.

Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radioligand therapies represent a highly effective treatment for metastatic prostate cancer. However, high and sustain uptake of PSMA-ligands in the salivary glands led to dose limiting dry mouth (xerostomia), especially with α-emitters. The expression of PSMA and histologic analysis couldn't directly explain the toxicity, suggesting a potential off-target mediator for uptake.

3D MR fingerprinting for dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging of whole mouse brain.

Purpose: Quantitative MRI enables direct quantification of contrast agent concentrations in contrast-enhanced scans. However, the lengthy scan times required by conventional methods are inadequate for tracking contrast agent transport dynamically in mouse brain. We developed a 3D MR fingerprinting (MRF) method for simultaneous T and T mapping across the whole mouse brain with 4.

3D MR Fingerprinting for Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Imaging of Whole Mouse Brain.

Purpose: Quantitative MRI enables direct quantification of contrast agent concentrations in contrast-enhanced scans. However, the lengthy scan times required by conventional methods are inadequate for tracking contrast agent transport dynamically in mouse brain. We developed a 3D MR fingerprinting (MRF) method for simultaneous T and T mapping across the whole mouse brain with 4.

Lung T1 MRI assessments in children with mild cystic fibrosis lung disease.

Rationale: Lung T1 MRI is a potential method to assess cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease that is safe, quick, and widely available, but there are no data in children with mild CF lung disease.

Objective: Assess the ability of lung T1 MRI to detect abnormalities in children with mild CF lung disease.

Methods: We performed T1 MRI, multiple breath washout (MBW), chest computed tomography (CT), and spirometry in a cohort of 45 children with mild CF lung disease (6-11 years of age).

pH-responsive i-motif-conjugated nanoparticles for MRI analysis.

Gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents (CAs) are widely used to enhance anatomical details in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Significant research has expanded the field of CAs into bioresponsive CAs by modulating the signal to image and monitor biochemical processes, such as pH. In this work, we introduce the modular, dynamic actuation mechanism of DNA-based nanostructures as a new way to modulate the MRI signal based on the rotational correlation time, .

Clonal from Gut Microfistulous Tracts as Transmissible Cytotoxic Succinate-Commensal Model of Crohn's Disease Complications.

Crohn's disease (CD) has been traditionally viewed as a chronic inflammatory disease that cause gut wall thickening and complications, including fistulas, by mechanisms not understood. By focusing on (presumed modern succinate-producing commensal probiotic), recovered from intestinal microfistulous tracts (cavernous fistulous micropathologies CavFT proposed as intermediate between 'mucosal fissures' and 'fistulas') in two patients that required surgery to remove CD-damaged ilea, we demonstrate that such isolates exert pathogenic/pathobiont roles in mouse models of CD. Our isolates are clonally-related; potentially emerging as transmissible in the community and mice; proinflammatory and adapted to the ileum of germ-free mice prone to CD-like ileitis (SAMP1/YitFc) but not healthy mice (C57BL/6J), and cytotoxic/ATP-depleting to HoxB8-immortalized bone marrow derived myeloid cells from SAMP1/YitFc mice when concurrently exposed to succinate and extracts from CavFT-derived , but not to cells from healthy mice.

Transport pathways and kinetics of cerebrospinal fluid tracers in mouse brain observed by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI.

Recent studies have suggested the glymphatic system as a key mechanism of waste removal in the brain. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) using intracisternally administered contrast agents is a promising tool for assessing glymphatic function in the whole brain. In this study, we evaluated the transport kinetics and distribution of three MRI contrast agents with vastly different molecular sizes in mice.

Motion Robust MR Fingerprinting Scan to Image Neonates With Prenatal Opioid Exposure.

Purpose: To explore whether MR fingerprinting (MRF) scans provide motion-robust and quantitative brain tissue measurements for non-sedated infants with prenatal opioid exposure (POE).

Study Type: Prospective.

Population: 13 infants with POE (3 male; 12 newborns (age 7-65 days) and 1 infant aged 9-months).

Motion robust MR fingerprinting scan to image neonates with prenatal opioid exposure.

Background: A noninvasive and sensitive imaging tool is needed to assess the fast-evolving baby brain. However, using MRI to study non-sedated babies faces roadblocks, including high scan failure rates due to subjects motion and the lack of quantitative measures for assessing potential developmental delays. This feasibility study explores whether MR Fingerprinting scans can provide motion-robust and quantitative brain tissue measurements for non-sedated infants with prenatal opioid exposure, presenting a viable alternative to clinical MR scans.

Transport Pathways and Kinetics of Cerebrospinal Fluid Tracers in Mouse Brain Observed by Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI.

Recent studies have suggested the glymphatic system as a solute transport pathway and waste removal mechanism in the brain. Imaging intracisternally administered tracers provides the opportunity of assessing various aspects of the glymphatic function. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) allows the evaluation of both the kinetics and spatial distribution of tracer transport in the whole brain.

Limited nutrient availability in the tumor microenvironment renders pancreatic tumors sensitive to allosteric IDH1 inhibitors.

Nutrient-deprived conditions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) restrain cancer cell viability due to increased free radicals and reduced energy production. In pancreatic cancer cells a cytosolic metabolic enzyme, wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (wtIDH1), enables adaptation to these conditions. Under nutrient starvation, wtIDH1 oxidizes isocitrate to generate α-ketoglutarate (αKG) for anaplerosis and NADPH to support antioxidant defense.

Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor δ serves as the orexigenic asprosin receptor.

Asprosin is a fasting-induced glucogenic and centrally acting orexigenic hormone. The olfactory receptor Olfr734 is known to be the hepatic receptor for asprosin that mediates its effects on glucose production, but the receptor for asprosin's orexigenic function has been unclear. Here, we have identified protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor δ (Ptprd) as the orexigenic receptor for asprosin.

Rapid B-Insensitive MR Fingerprinting for Quantitative Kidney Imaging.

Background MR fingerprinting (MRF) provides rapid and simultaneous quantification of multiple tissue parameters in a single scan. Purpose To evaluate a rapid kidney MRF technique at 3.0 T in phantoms, healthy volunteers, and patients.

Specimen specific imaging and joint mechanical testing data for next generation virtual knees.

Virtual knees, with specimen-specific anatomy and mechanics, require heterogeneous data collected on the same knee. Specimen-specific data such as the specimen geometry, physiological joint kinematics-kinetics and contact mechanics are necessary in the development of virtual knee specimens for clinical and scientific simulations. These data are also required to capture or evaluate the predictive capacity of the model to represent joint and tissue mechanical response.

A DNA-Based MRI Contrast Agent for Quantitative pH Measurement.

Extracellular pH is important in clinical measurements due to its correlation to cell metabolism and disease progression. In MRI, / ratiometric analysis and other methods have been previously applied to quantify pH using conventional pulse sequences. However, for nanoparticle-based approaches, heterogeneity in size and surface functionalization tends toward qualitative rather than quantitative results.

Neurovascular and cortical responses to hyperoxia: enhanced cognition and electroencephalographic activity despite reduced perfusion.

Key Points: Extreme aviation is accompanied by ever-present risks of hypobaric hypoxia and decompression sickness. Neuroprotection against those hazards is conferred through fractional inspired oxygen ( ) concentrations of 60-100% (hyperoxia). Hyperoxia reduces global cerebral perfusion (gCBF), increases reactive oxygen species within the brain and leads to cell death within the hippocampus.

Targeted Radiosensitizers for MR-Guided Radiation Therapy of Prostate Cancer.

Adjuvant radiotherapy is frequently prescribed to treat cancer. To minimize radiation-related damage to healthy tissue, it requires high precision in tumor localization and radiation dose delivery. This can be achieved by MR guidance and targeted amplification of radiation dose selectively to tumors by using radiosensitizers.

PTPmu-targeted nanoparticles label invasive pediatric and adult glioblastoma.

Poor prognosis for glioblastoma (GBM) is a consequence of the aggressive and infiltrative nature of gliomas where individual cells migrate away from the main tumor to distant sites, making complete surgical resection and treatment difficult. In this manuscript, we characterize an invasive pediatric glioma model and determine if nanoparticles linked to a peptide recognizing the GBM tumor biomarker PTPmu can specifically target both the main tumor and invasive cancer cells in adult and pediatric glioma models. Using both iron and lipid-based nanoparticles, we demonstrate by magnetic resonance imaging, optical imaging, histology, and iron quantification that PTPmu-targeted nanoparticles effectively label adult gliomas.

β-Hydroxybutyrate is reduced in humans with obesity-related NAFLD and displays a dose-dependent effect on skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration in vitro.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by hepatic fat accumulation and impaired insulin sensitivity. Reduced hepatic ketogenesis may promote these pathologies, but data are inconclusive in humans and the link between NAFLD and reduced insulin sensitivity remains obscure. We investigated individuals with obesity-related NAFLD and hypothesized that β-hydroxybutyrate (βOHB; the predominant ketone species) would be reduced and related to hepatic fat accumulation and insulin sensitivity.

Multi-parametric MRI of kidney disease progression for autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease: mouse model and initial patient results.

Background: Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is a rare but potentially lethal genetic disorder typically characterized by diffuse renal microcysts. Clinical trials for patients with ARPKD are not currently possible due to the absence of sensitive measures of ARPKD kidney disease progression and/or therapeutic efficacy.

Methods: In this study, animal and human magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners were used to obtain quantitative kidney T1 and T2 relaxation time maps for both excised kidneys from bpk and wild-type (WT) mice as well as for a pediatric patient with ARPKD and a healthy adult volunteer.

Lung T1 mapping magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of pulmonary disease in children with cystic fibrosis: a pilot study.

Background: Assessment tools for early cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease are limited. Detecting early pulmonary disease is crucial to increasing life expectancy by starting interventions to slow the progression of the pulmonary disease with the many treatment options available.

Objective: To compare the utility of lung T1-mapping MRI with ultrashort echo time (UTE) MRI in children with cystic fibrosis in detecting early stage lung disease and monitoring pulmonary exacerbations.

Exercise Training Rapidly Increases Hepatic Insulin Extraction in NAFLD.

Purpose: We aimed to determine the immediacy of exercise intervention on liver-specific metabolic processes in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Methods: We undertook a short-term (7-d) exercise training study (60 min·d treadmill walking at 80%-85% of maximal heart rate) in obese adults (N = 13, 58 ± 3 yr, 34.3 ± 1.