Risk factors for incident vertebral fractures in men and women: the Rotterdam Study.

Unlabelled: Low BMD and prevalent vertebral fractures are known risk factors for incident vertebral fractures. In 3001 men and women from the Rotterdam Study, prevalent nonvertebral fractures, early menopause, current smoking, and walking aid use were also strong risk factors for incident vertebral fractures.

Introduction: Thus far, age, low BMD, and prevalent vertebral fractures are the only well-known risk factors for incident vertebral fractures.

Thiazide diuretics and the risk for hip fracture.

Background: Since most hip fractures are related to osteoporosis, treating accelerated bone loss can be an important strategy to prevent hip fractures. Thiazides have been associated with reduced age-related bone loss by decreasing urinary calcium excretion.

Objective: To examine the association between dose and duration of thiazide diuretic use and the risk for hip fracture and to study the consequences of discontinuing use.

Bone mineral density and the risk of breast cancer: the Rotterdam Study.

Estrogens play an important role in the development of breast cancer, but studies on serum levels of estrogens have shown inconsistent results. Bone mineral density is considered to be a marker for lifetime estrogen exposure. Some studies have suggested that a higher bone mass is associated with an increase in breast cancer risk.

Osteoporosis in men and women: a story about bone mineral density thresholds and hip fracture risk.

In postmenopausal women, the T score for bone mineral density (BMD) is a well-accepted diagnostic criterion for osteoporosis. It is also used to assess fracture risk. However, it is unclear whether in elderly men similar BMD thresholds should be used.

The incidence of vertebral fractures in men and women: the Rotterdam Study.

Vertebral fractures are considered the most common fractures in osteoporosis. Nevertheless, little is known about the epidemiology of these fractures, especially in men. Therefore, the incidence of vertebral fractures was studied in 3469 men and women from the Rotterdam Study.