Coherent correlator design analysis for the implementation of deep learning networks.

Optical signal processing can reduce the electrical power consumption required over that required by graphically processing units. There remain a number of challenges to overcome. Noise is potentially much larger in optical systems than in their electronic counterparts, and some of the operations, such as a bias addition, are not easy to implement in free space processors.

Multiple-view polarimetric camera.

A multiple-view polarimetric camera is developed. The system uses four separate action cameras, and software is employed to map the images onto each other in order to generate the Stokes vectors, the degree of linear polarization, and the angle images. To ensure robustness, an automated calibration system has been developed that ensures the pixels are correctly mapped.

Long-distance Bessel beam propagation through Kolmogorov turbulence.

Free-space optical communication has the potential to transmit information with both high speed and security. However, since it is unguided it suffers from losses due to atmospheric turbulence and diffraction. To overcome the diffraction limits the long-distance propagation of Bessel beams is considered and compared against Gaussian beam properties.

Service oriented architecture for clinical decision support: a systematic review and future directions.

The use of a service-oriented architecture (SOA) has been identified as a promising approach for improving health care by facilitating reliable clinical decision support (CDS). A review of the literature through October 2013 identified 44 articles on this topic. The review suggests that SOA related technologies such as Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) and Service Component Architecture (SCA) have not been generally adopted to impact health IT systems' performance for better care solutions.

A service oriented approach for guidelines-based clinical decision support using BPMN.

Evidence-based medical practice requires that clinical guidelines need to be documented in such a way that they represent a clinical workflow in its most accessible form. In order to optimize clinical processes to improve clinical outcomes, we propose a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) based approach for implementing clinical guidelines that can be accessed from an Electronic Health Record (EHR) application with a Web Services enabled communication mechanism with the Enterprise Service Bus. We have used Business Process Modelling Notation (BPMN) for modelling and presenting the clinical pathway in the form of a workflow.

Grey-matter texture abnormalities and reduced hippocampal volume are distinguishing features of schizophrenia.

Neurodevelopmental processes are widely believed to underlie schizophrenia. Analysis of brain texture from conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can detect disturbance in brain cytoarchitecture. We tested the hypothesis that patients with schizophrenia manifest quantitative differences in brain texture that, alongside discrete volumetric changes, may serve as an endophenotypic biomarker.

An image reconstruction algorithm for 3-D electrical impedance mammography.

The Sussex MK4 electrical impedance mammography system is especially designed for 3-D breast screening. It aims to diagnose breast cancer at an early stage when it is most treatable. Planar electrodes are employed in this system.

Enabling Healthcare IT Governance: Human Task Management Service for Administering Emergency Department's Resources for Efficient Patient Flow.

The use of Health Information Technology (HIT) to improve healthcare service delivery is constantly increasing due to research advances in medical science and information systems. Having a fully automated process solution for a Healthcare Organization (HCO) requires a combination of organizational strategies along with a selection of technologies that facilitate the goal of improving clinical outcomes. HCOs, requires dynamic management of care capability to realize the full potential of HIT.

Abnormalities in fronto-striatal connectivity within language networks relate to differences in grey-matter heterogeneity in Asperger syndrome.

Asperger syndrome (AS) is an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) characterised by qualitative impairment in the development of emotional and social skills with relative preservation of general intellectual abilities, including verbal language. People with AS may nevertheless show atypical language, including rate and frequency of speech production. We previously observed that abnormalities in grey matter homogeneity (measured with texture analysis of structural MR images) in AS individuals when compared with controls are also correlated with the volume of caudate nucleus.

Investigation of voltage source design's for Electrical Impedance Mammography (EIM) Systems.

According to Jossient, interesting characteristics of breast tissues mostly lie above 1MHz; therefore a wideband excitation source covering higher frequencies (i.e. above 1MHz) is required.

Depth from structured defocus that is independent of the object reflectivity function.

Depth from defocus using structured light is a useful optical metrology technique since the camera and projector can be placed on the same optical axis and it can cope with depth discontinuities. However, the technique can suffer from large errors when used on surfaces with differing reflective properties. This paper demonstrates a method for overcoming this problem.

Heterogeneity of focal breast lesions and surrounding tissue assessed by mammographic texture analysis: preliminary evidence of an association with tumor invasion and estrogen receptor status.

Aim: This pilot study investigates whether heterogeneity in focal breast lesions and surrounding tissue assessed on mammography is potentially related to cancer invasion and hormone receptor status.

Materials And Methods: Texture analysis (TA) assessed the heterogeneity of focal lesions and their surrounding tissues in digitized mammograms from 11 patients randomly selected from an imaging archive [ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) only, n = 4; invasive carcinoma (IC) with DCIS, n = 3; IC only, n = 4]. TA utilized band-pass image filtration to highlight image features at different spatial frequencies (filter values: 1.

Dynamic contrast-enhanced texture analysis of the liver: initial assessment in colorectal cancer.

Purpose: To undertake an initial assessment of the potential utility of dynamic contrast-enhanced texture analysis (DCE-TA) of the liver in patients with colorectal cancer.

Materials And Methods: TA comprised measurement of mean gray-level intensity, entropy, and uniformity with and without selective-scale filtration using a band-pass filter to highlight different spatial frequencies reflecting fine, medium, and coarse textures. An initial phantom study assessed the sensitivity of each texture qualifier to computed tomography (CT) acquisition parameters.

Performance assessment of the modified-hybrid optical neural network filter.

We present in detail the recorded results of the modified-hybrid optical neural network (M-HONN) filter during a full series of tests to examine its robustness and overall performance for object recognition tasks. We test the M-HONN filter for its detectability and peak sharpness with within-class distortion of the input object, its discrimination ability between an in-class and out-of-class object, and its performance with cluttered images of the true-class object. The M-HONN filter is found to exhibit good detectability, an ability to maintain its correlation-peak sharpness throughout the recorded tests, good discrimination ability, and an ability to detect the true-class object within cluttered input images.

Three-dimensional selective-scale texture analysis of computed tomography pulmonary angiograms.

Objectives: This feasibility study aims to develop 3-dimensional (3D) selective-scale texture analysis of computed tomography pulmonary angiography to identify texture correlates for ventilated and vascular lung for visual and quantitative assessment of pulmonary disorders with altered vasculature.

Materials And Methods: Computed tomography pulmonary angiography examinations of 8 patients were considered in this study; 3 had normal lungs, 3 had pulmonary embolism (PE1, PE2, and PE3), 1 had only emphysema (PEmp), whereas the final patient had both emphysema and embolism (PEE). Before texture analysis, an initial automated segmentation procedure to include only the lung parenchyma and generation of isometric volume were carried out.

Texture analysis in non-contrast enhanced CT: impact of malignancy on texture in apparently disease-free areas of the liver.

Objectives: To determine whether texture analysis of non-contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) images in apparently disease-free areas of the liver is altered by the presence of extra- and intra-hepatic malignancy in colorectal cancer patients.

Materials And Methods: Hepatic attenuation and texture were assessed from non-contrast enhanced CT in three groups of colorectal cancer patients: (A) 15 controls with no malignancy; (B) nine patients with extra-hepatic malignancy but no liver involvement; (C) eight patients with hepatic metastases. Regions of interest were manually constructed only over apparently normal areas of liver tissue excluding major blood vessels and areas of intra-hepatic fat, which may otherwise alter CT texture irrespective of the presence of malignancy.

Hepatic enhancement in colorectal cancer: texture analysis correlates with hepatic hemodynamics and patient survival.

Rationale And Objectives: Perfusion imaging of the liver has attracted interest as a potential means for earlier detection of hepatic metastases, but the techniques are complex and do not form part of routine imaging protocols. This study assesses whether the hemodynamic status of the liver of patients with colorectal cancer but apparently normal hepatic morphology is reflected by texture features within a single portal-phase contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) image and correlates texture with overall survival.

Materials And Methods: Portal-phase CT images from 27 patients with colorectal cancer but no apparent hepatic metastases were processed using a band-pass filter that highlighted image features at different spatial frequencies.

In search of biologic correlates for liver texture on portal-phase CT.

Rationale And Objectives: The acceptance of computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD) in clinical practice has been constrained by the scarcity of identifiable biologic correlates for CAD-based image parameters. This study aims to identify biologic correlates for computed tomography (CT) liver texture in a series of patients with colorectal cancer.

Materials And Methods: In 28 patients with colorectal cancer, total hepatic perfusion (THP), hepatic arterial perfusion, and hepatic portal perfusion (HPP) were measured using perfusion CT.

Markovian and autoregressive clutter-noise models for a pattern-recognition Wiener filter.

Most modem pattern recognition filters used in target detection require a clutter-noise estimate to perform efficiently in realistic situations. Markovian and autoregressive models are proposed as an alternative to the white-noise model that has so far been the most widely used. Simulations by use of the Wiener filter and involving real clutter scenes show that both the Markovian and the autoregressive models perform considerably better than the white-noise model.