Publications by authors named "Chris Chatham"
Article Synopsis
- Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) involve variations in neurodevelopment that can be influenced by co-occurring conditions like ADHD, impacting clinical characteristics.
- This study analyzed brain measurements (cortical thickness and surface area) in 533 individuals with ASD to see how ADHD affects these neuroanatomical traits and explored genetic links.
- Results indicated significant differences in brain structure between individuals with ASD alone and those with ASD + ADHD, highlighting the role of genetics specific to ASD in these variations, while noting limitations due to the small ADHD-only group size.
Background: Autism is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition accompanied by differences in brain connectivity. Structural connectivity in autism has mainly been investigated within the white matter. However, many genetic variants associated with autism highlight genes related to synaptogenesis and axonal guidance, thus also implicating differences in intrinsic (i.
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- * A study followed 333 individuals (161 autistic and 172 neurotypical) over 12-24 months, assessing their behavior and brain structure to understand variations in adaptive behavior within autism.
- * Results revealed distinct brain structure profiles associated with different adaptive behavior outcomes in autistic participants, potentially linked to autism-related genes, which could inform targeted interventions for individuals with poorer outcomes.
Article Synopsis
- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) shows a range of outcomes, with some individuals improving and others not, emphasizing the need for personalized medicine approaches based on biological processes.
- A longitudinal study involving 483 individuals assessed behavioral, neuroanatomical, and genetic data to categorize those with ASD into outcome groups: "increasers," "no-changers," and "decreasers."
- Results revealed distinct neuroanatomical features in these groups, indicating that deviations from a typical neuroanatomical profile can predict individual outcomes, linked to genetic factors related to brain development.
The meaning of significant mean group differences for biomarker discovery.
PLoS Comput Biol
November 2021
Over the past decade, biomarker discovery has become a key goal in psychiatry to aid in the more reliable diagnosis and prognosis of heterogeneous psychiatric conditions and the development of tailored therapies. Nevertheless, the prevailing statistical approach is still the mean group comparison between "cases" and "controls," which tends to ignore within-group variability. In this educational article, we used empirical data simulations to investigate how effect size, sample size, and the shape of distributions impact the interpretation of mean group differences for biomarker discovery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIndividuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit significant impairments in adaptive functioning that impact on their ability to meet the demands of everyday life. A recurrent finding is that there is a pronounced discrepancy between level of cognitive ability and adaptive functioning, and this is particularly prominent among higher-ability individuals. However, the key clinical and demographic associations of these discrepancies remain unclear.
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