Rapid surveillance of New York City healthcare center egress behaviors during the 2020 COVID-19 lockdown.

This rapid response surveillance project was funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) to collect "perishable" data on egress behaviors and neighborhood conditions surrounding healthcare centers (HCCs) in New York City (NYC) during the initial NYC COVID-19 PAUSE ordinance from March 22nd to May 19th, 2020. Anonymized data on NYC HCC egress behaviors were collected by observational field workers using phone-based mapping applications. Each egress trip record includes the day of week, time of day, destination category type, along with an array of behavioral outcome categories, ambient weather conditions and socio-economic factors.

Survival of Single-Unit Porcelain-Fused-to-Metal (PFM) and Metal Crowns Placed by Students at an Australian University Dental Clinic over a Five-Year Period.

The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the survival rate of single-unit porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) and metal crowns placed by dental students at an Australian university undergraduate dental clinic over a five-year period. Complications and the incidences of crown failures were recorded. Clinical records pertaining to single-unit PFM and metal crowns inserted over a five-year period were reviewed, including patient-related, tooth-related, and procedural factors for each crown.

Reduced Expression of the Co-regulator TLE1 in Type 2 Diabetes Is Associated with Increased Islet α-Cell Number.

β-Cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with loss of cellular identity and mis-expression of alternative islet hormones, including glucagon. The molecular basis for these cellular changes has been attributed to dysregulation of core β-cell transcription factors, which regulate β-cell identity through activating and repressive mechanisms. The TLE1 gene lies near a T2D susceptibility locus and, recently, the glucagon repressive actions of this transcriptional coregulator have been demonstrated in vitro.

Securing the future anaesthetic workforce.

A suitably skilled workforce that is of an appropriate size is essential for the provision of healthcare services. Anaesthetists play an essential role in a wide range of clinical areas, and effective workforce planning and training are essential in maintaining service provision. Workforce planning requires consideration of a number of different factors related to the workforce itself and services that are required.

Diffuse Staining for Activated NOTCH1 Correlates With NOTCH1 Mutation Status and Is Associated With Worse Outcome in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma.

NOTCH1 is frequently mutated in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). To test the idea that immunohistochemical (IHC) staining can identify ACCs with NOTCH1 mutations, we performed IHC for activated NOTCH1 (NICD1) in 197 cases diagnosed as ACC from 173 patients. NICD1 staining was positive in 194 cases (98%) in 2 major patterns: subset positivity, which correlated with tubular/cribriform histology; and diffuse positivity, which correlated with a solid histology.

Sustained reduction in surgical site infection after abdominal hysterectomy.

Background: During a period of five years, the rate of surgical site infection (SSI) after abdominal hysterectomy at our institution was >10%. With the implementation of a multifaceted intervention designed to reduce this, the rate of SSI fell to <2% in the post-intervention period. The pre- and post-intervention periods were compared to determine which of the interventions in the multifaceted array of interventions was most valuable in decreasing SSI.

The occurrence of preterm delivery is linked to pregnancy-specific distress and elevated inflammatory markers across gestation.

There is mounting evidence that stress during pregnancy can have detrimental effects on gestation and birth. Existing studies indicate that prenatal stress may increase levels of circulating inflammatory markers that are associated with prematurity and pregnancy complications, suggesting that stress-related changes in the cytokine milieu may increase the risk of poor pregnancy outcome. Previous studies, however, have not clearly connected stress during pregnancy to changes in inflammatory mediators and, in turn, to clinically-relevant outcomes such as premature delivery.

Beyond core measures: identifying modifiable risk factors for prevention of surgical site infection after elective total abdominal hysterectomy.

Background: Despite adherence to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) core measures for preventing surgical site infections (SSI), our institution has a >10% rate of SSI after total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH), higher than the 90(th) percentile for SSI rates published in the 2009 National Healthcare Safety Network report.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed for patients who underwent elective TAH at a public safety net hospital in Denver from December 30, 2005, to March 9, 2010. The primary outcome was development of SSI within 30 days.

Pharmacological effects on sexual function.

Many drugs may have effects on sexual function. Sexual function is complex and psychological and relationship issues are likely to have greater impacts on sexual function in women than drugs. Although it is important to understand the effects of drugs on sexual function, physicians should use caution in "medicalization" of sexual function in women [106].

Disorders of sexual desire and arousal.

Desire and arousal disorders are very common. These disorders can cause significant distress to a patient. A successful approach depends on an accurate diagnosis, which is dependent on history.

Differences in inflammatory cytokine and Toll-like receptor genes and bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy.

Objective: This study was undertaken to estimate the frequency of inflammatory cytokine and Toll-like receptor gene polymorphisms in women with and without bacterial vaginosis (BV) in pregnancy.

Study Design: A secondary analysis was performed of pregnant women at less than 30 weeks' gestation enrolled as part of 2 multicenter studies. Eight hundred eighty-five women were assessed for BV (defined as Nugent's vaginal Gram stain score 7-10 and a pH > 4.

Corneal staining and subjective symptoms with multipurpose solutions as a function of time.

Purpose: Short-term changes in corneal staining and ocular symptoms were assessed at defined intervals to evaluate combinations of three soft lenses and four multipurpose solutions.

Methods: A series of pilot studies were conducted over 11 months using a double-masked, randomized, crossover design. Asymptomatic, adapted, daily-wear soft lens users wore group II or IV soft hydrophilic or silicone hydrogel lenses for a maximum period each day.

Systemic administration of betamethasone delays endotoxin-induced preterm labor in the murine model.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the administration of betamethasone decreases the endotoxin-induced preterm parturition rate and inhibits the risk of cytokines in the murine model.

Study Design: Endotoxin was administered intraperitoneally at gestational day 15 (75% of gestation). In phase I, the duration of gestation was measured in 36 gravid C3H/HeOu mice that were equally divided into four treatment groups: control, endotoxin only, and two different dose regimens of betamethasone followed by endotoxin.