Quantitative 2-Dimensionsal Digital Subtraction Venography for Venous Interventions: Validation in Phantom and In Vivo Porcine Models.

Purpose: To determine the feasibility of using a 2-dimensional quantitative digital subtraction venography (qDSV) technique that employs a temporally modulated contrast medium injection to quantify blood velocity in phantom, normal, and stenotic porcine iliac vein models.

Materials And Methods: Blood velocity was calculated using qDSV following temporally modulated pulsed injections of iodinated contrast medium and compared with Doppler ultrasound (US) measurements (phantom, in-line sensor; in vivo, diagnostic linear probe). Phantom evaluation was performed in a compliant polyethylene tube phantom with simulated venous flow.

Microwave Ablation of the Pig Growth Plate: Proof of Concept for Minimally Invasive Epiphysiodesis.

Background: Different surgical methods for epiphysiodesis of limb length discrepancy (LLD) have been described. Although these methods are variably effective, they are associated with morbidity (pain and limp) and potential complications. Microwave ablation is a less-invasive opportunity to halt growth by selectively destroying the growth plate via thermal energy to treat LLD in children.

On the pursuit of emissions-free clean mobility - Electric vehicles versus e-fuels.

With the passing of every second we get closer to a society that is more cognizant of the effect carbon dioxide emissions are having on our planet, and that is more willing to take part in sustainable efforts to combat this and ever more interested in investing in cleaner technologies like electric vehicles (EVs). EVs are marching strongly into a market that is currently dominated by internal combustion engine vehicles, the current main fuel of which is a known contributor to most of the emission related climate problems that we now find ourselves in. Moving ahead, it is important that any move from internal combustion engines to more nascent technologies like EVs is sustainable and not detrimental to the environment.

A hybrid deformable registration method to generate motion-compensated 3D virtual MRI for fusion with interventional real-time 3D ultrasound.

Purpose: Ultrasound is often the preferred modality for image-guided therapy or treatment in organs such as liver due to real-time imaging capabilities. However, the reduced conspicuity of tumors in ultrasound images adversely impacts the precision and accuracy of treatment delivery. This problem is compounded by deformable motion due to breathing and other physiological activity.

Advanced CT techniques for hepatic microwave ablation zone monitoring and follow-up.

Purpose: To evaluate utility of advanced CT techniques including HighlY constrained back-projection and dual-energy CT for intra- and post-procedure hepatic microwave ablation zone monitoring.

Methods: 8 hepatic microwave ablations were performed in 4 adult swine (5 min/65 W). Low-dose routine CECT and dual-energy CT images were obtained every 1 min during ablation.

CT and MR imaging surveillance of stage 1 renal cell carcinoma after microwave ablation.

Objective: To describe the CT and MR imaging findings after microwave ablation of clinical stage 1 renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Methods: This single-center retrospective study was performed under a waiver of informed consent. 49 patients (38 M/11F, mean age 66 ± 9.

Quantitative 4D-Digital Subtraction Angiography to Assess Changes in Hepatic Arterial Flow during Transarterial Embolization: A Feasibility Study in a Swine Model.

Purpose: To determine the feasibility of using time-resolved 3D-digital subtraction angiography (4D-DSA) for quantifying changes in hepatic arterial blood flow and velocity during transarterial embolization.

Materials And Methods: Hepatic arteriography and selective transarterial embolization were performed in 4 female domestic swine (mean weight, 54 kg) using 100-300-μm microspheres. Conventional 2D and 4D-DSA were performed before, during, and after each embolization.

Comparison of Conventional and Cone-Beam CT for Monitoring and Assessing Pulmonary Microwave Ablation in a Porcine Model.

Purpose: To compare cone-beam computed tomography (CT) with conventional CT for assessing the growth and postprocedural appearance of pulmonary microwave ablation zones.

Materials And Methods: A total of 17 microwave ablations were performed in porcine lung in vivo by applying 65 W for 5 minutes through a single 17-gauge antenna. Either CT (n = 8) or CBCT (n = 9) was used for guidance and ablation zone monitoring at 1-minute intervals.

Analysis of iodinated contrast delivered during thermal ablation: is material trapped in the ablation zone?

Intra-procedural contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) has been proposed to evaluate treatment efficacy of thermal ablation. We hypothesized that contrast material delivered concurrently with thermal ablation may become trapped in the ablation zone, and set out to determine whether such an effect would impact ablation visualization. CECT images were acquired during microwave ablation in normal porcine liver with: (A) normal blood perfusion and no iodinated contrast, (B) normal perfusion and iodinated contrast infusion or (C) no blood perfusion and residual iodinated contrast.

Design and validation of a thermoreversible material for percutaneous tissue hydrodissection.

Interventional oncology procedures such as thermal ablation are becoming routine for many cancers. Hydrodissection-separating tissues with fluids-protects tissues near the treatment zone to improve ablation's safety and facilitate more aggressive treatments. However, currently used fluids such as normal saline and 5% dextrose in water (D5W) migrate in the peritoneum, reducing their protective efficacy.

Visualizing ex vivo radiofrequency and microwave ablation zones using electrode vibration elastography.

Purpose: Electrode vibration elastography is a new shear wave imaging technique that can be used to visualize thermal ablation zones. Prior work has shown the ability of electrode vibration elastography to delineate radiofrequency ablations; however, there has been no previous study of delineation of microwave ablations or radiological-pathological correlations using multiple observers.

Methods: Radiofrequency and microwave ablations were formed in ex vivo bovine liver tissue.

Ultrasound-based relative elastic modulus imaging for visualizing thermal ablation zones in a porcine model.

The feasibility of using ultrasound-based elastic modulus imaging to visualize thermal ablation zones in an in vivo porcine model is reported. Elastic modulus images of soft tissues are estimated as an inverse optimization problem. Ultrasonically measured displacement data are utilized as inputs to determine an elastic modulus distribution that provides the best match to this displacement field.

Multiple-electrode radiofrequency ablation: comparison with a conventional cluster electrode in an in vivo porcine kidney model.

Purpose: To compare multiple-electrode radiofrequency (RF) ablation versus RF ablation with a cluster electrode in an in vivo porcine kidney model.

Materials And Methods: Thirteen female pigs (mean weight, 45 kg) were used for the study. In each animal, RF ablations were performed for 12 minutes with a conventional cluster electrode in one kidney (controls, n = 13) and a multiple-electrode configuration in the contralateral organ.

Multiple-electrode radiofrequency ablation of hepatic malignancies: initial clinical experience.

Objective: The objective of our study was to retrospectively analyze our initial clinical experience with percutaneous multiple-electrode radiofrequency ablation and evaluate its safety and efficacy for treating hepatic malignancies.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-eight malignant hepatic tumors (mean diameter, 2.7 cm; range, 0.

Unintended thermal injuries from radiofrequency ablation: protection with 5% dextrose in water.

Objective: Radiofrequency ablation of hepatic tumors can lead to thermal injury of surrounding structures. Both saline and 5% dextrose in water (D5) have been used to displace these surrounding structures before radiofrequency ablation. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative effectiveness of these two fluids for protecting the diaphragm and lung during radiofrequency ablation.

Multiple-electrode radiofrequency ablation: simultaneous production of separate zones of coagulation in an in vivo porcine liver model.

Purpose: A multiple-electrode radiofrequency (RF) system was developed based on switching between electrodes that allows for the simultaneous use of as many as three electrically independent electrodes. The purpose of this study was to determine if each multiple-electrode ablation zone is identical to an ablation zone created with conventional single-electrode mode.

Materials And Methods: Nine female domestic pigs (mean weight, 90 kg) were used for this study.