The oncogenic STP axis promotes triple-negative breast cancer via degradation of the REST tumor suppressor.

Defining the molecular networks that drive breast cancer has led to therapeutic interventions and improved patient survival. However, the aggressive triple-negative breast cancer subtype (TNBC) remains recalcitrant to targeted therapies because its molecular etiology is poorly defined. In this study, we used a forward genetic screen to discover an oncogenic network driving human TNBC.

Type 1 diabetes development requires both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and can be reversed by non-depleting antibodies targeting both T cell populations.

Type 1 diabetes development in NOD mice appears to require both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. However, there are some situations where it has been suggested that either CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells are able to mediate diabetes in the absence of the other population. In the case of transgenic mice, this may reflect the numbers of antigen-specific T cells able to access the pancreas and recruit other cell types such as macrophages leading to a release of high concentrations of damaging cytokines.

Patients with chronic pancreatitis have islet progenitor cells in their ducts, but reversal of overt diabetes in NOD mice by anti-CD3 shows no evidence for islet regeneration.

Monoclonal antibodies to T-cell coreceptors have been shown to tolerise autoreactive T-cells and prevent or even reverse autoimmune pathology. In type 1 diabetes, there is a loss of insulin-secreting beta-cells, and a cure for type 1 diabetes would require not only tolerance induction but also recovery of the functional beta-cell mass. Although we have previously shown that diabetic mice have increased numbers of ductal progenitors in the pancreas, there is no evidence of any increase of insulin-secreting cells in the ducts.

A study of the molecular properties of water in hydrated mannitol.

An understanding of the properties of water in hydrated saccharides and saccharide derivatives is relevant to a number of pharmaceutical processes, including wet granulation. This study uses a range of physical measurement techniques [viz. nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS), near infrared spectroscopy (NIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)] to analyze the molecular properties of water in hydrated mannitol (containing up to 0.