Human infection with the trematode occurs with a worldwide prevalence of up to 17 million. Sheep and cattle are the normal host. Infection typically results in hepatobiliary disease, but extrahepatic manifestations are occasionally reported.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections are endemic in most developing countries, including Nepal and Afghanistan, and may cause outbreaks in military personnel. Previously, more than 99% of new British Gurkha recruits were already immune to HAV because of prior infection, but this may be declining due to improved living conditions in their countries of origin. Acute HAV infections have occurred in Gurkha soldiers serving in Afghanistan, which made them unfit for duty for 2-3 months.
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