Influence of lipid bilayer composition on the activity of antimicrobial quaternary ammonium ionenes, the interplay of intrinsic lipid curvature and polymer hydrophobicity, the role of cardiolipin.

Incorporation of hydrophobic component into amphiphilic polycations structure is frequently accompanied by an increase of antimicrobial activity. There is, however, a group of relatively hydrophilic polycations containing quaternary ammonium moieties along mainchain, ionenes, which also display strong antimicrobial and limited hemolytic properties. In this work, an influence of a hydrophobic side group length on antimicrobial mechanism of action is investigated in a series of novel amphiphilic ionenes.

Hydrophilic Quaternary Ammonium Ionenes-Is There an Influence of Backbone Flexibility and Topology on Antibacterial Properties?

The antimicrobial properties of polycations are strongly affected by the structural features such as the backbone flexibility and topology (isomerism) through the polymer ability to attain proper conformation in interaction with the cell membrane. In this paper, a synthesis and biocidal properties evaluation of ionenes characterized by different backbone topology (isomerism) and flexibility are presented. The findings reveal influence of variation in topology on activity against different microorganisms, and general positive effect of improved flexibility.

Carotenoid-producing yeasts: Identification and Characteristics of Environmental Isolates with a Valuable Extracellular Enzymatic Activity.

Sixteen cold-adapted reddish-pigmented yeast strains were obtained from environmental samples. According to the PCR-based detection of classical yeast markers combined with phylogenetic studies, the yeasts belong mainly to the genera , and , all within the subphylum Pucciniomycotina. All strains produced carotenoids within a 0.

Enhanced bioproduction of 2-phenylethanol in a biphasic system with rapeseed oil.

Increasing demand for natural fragrance ingredients and products has led to their global market growth. 2-Phenylethanol (2-PE) is a volatile substance widely used in food and cosmetics manufacturing. It is generally known that yeast can metabolize l-phenylalanine (l-Phe) to produce 2-PE.

Screening of yeasts for the production of 2-phenylethanol (rose aroma) in organic waste-based media.

Unlabelled: In this study, we isolated 28 yeast strains from samples of plant material and fermented food and evaluated the possibility of efficient production of 2-phenylethanol (2-PE) in the organic waste-based media supplemented with l-phenylalanine (l-Phe). We used whey, a by-product from milk processing, as a base for media, and either glucose or three by-products from sugar beet processing as a fermentable carbon source. Ten newly isolated yeast strains were capable of producing over 2 g l 2-PE through the l-Phe biotransformation in a batch mode in standard medium.

Mating of 2 Laboratory Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains Resulted in Enhanced Production of 2-Phenylethanol by Biotransformation of L-Phenylalanine.

2-Phenylethanol (2-PE) is an aromatic alcohol with a rosy scent which is widely used in the food, fragrance, and cosmetic industries. Promising sources of natural 2-PE are microorganisms, especially yeasts, which can produce 2-PE by biosynthesis and biotransformation. Thus, the first challenging goal in the development of biotechnological production of 2-PE is searching for highly productive yeast strains.

Two-dimensional fluorescence as soft sensor in the monitoring of biotransformation performed by yeast.

Soft sensors are powerful tools for bioprocess monitoring due to their ability to perform online, noninvasive measurement, and possibility of detection of multiple components in cultivation media, which in turn can provide tools for the quantification of more than one metabolite/substrate/product in real time. In this work, soft sensor based on excitation-emission fluorescence is for the first time applied for the monitoring of biotransformation production of 2-phenylethanol (2-PE) by yeast strains. Main process parameters-such as optical density, glucose, and 2-PE concentrations-were determined with high accuracy and precision by fluorescence fingerprinting coupled with partial least squares regression.

Lack of Maf1 enhances pyruvate kinase activity and fermentative metabolism while influencing lipid homeostasis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The Maf1 protein is a general negative repressor of RNA polymerase III, which is conserved in eukaryotes from yeast to humans. Herein, we show the yeast maf1Δ mutant increases pyruvate kinase activity, the key enzyme in glycolysis and an important player in switching between fermentative and oxidative metabolism. We observed enhanced ethanol production and elevated lipid content in the maf1Δ strain grown on glucose.