[SentiMag--the magnetic detection system of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer].

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of the new detection system of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer (SentiMag) and to compare its use to the standard method of detection with a radioisotope and a gamma-probe.

Methods: Twenty breast cancer patients scheduled for sentinel lymph node biopsy underwent standard lymphatic mapping with a radioisotope and also with the Sienna+ tracer. During the surgery, sentinel lymph nodes were identified preferably with the SentiMag system.

[Accuracy of preoperative establishment of invasive breast carcinoma size using ultrasound and mammography].

Introduction: Accurate preoperative assessment of breast cancer size is important for choosing appropriate surgical treatment. Mammography and ultrasonography are the most widely used breast imaging techniques. The aim of this study was to compare the tumour size measured by these two modalities with the pathological size of native specimen.

[Axilloscopy--an option in axillary lymph nodes dissections in breast carcinomas].

Authors in this randomised prospective study, which occurred in years 2007 to 2008 on the St. Anne's First Surgical Clinic in 56 breast cancer female patients, compare the results of minimally invasive axillary dissection to those of the classical axillary dissection and point to the advantages and setbacks of this new method both for the patient and surgeon.

Predicting non-sentinel lymph node status after positive sentinel biopsy in breast cancer: what model performs the best in a Czech population?

Several models have previously been proposed to predict the probability of non-sentinel lymph node (NSLN) metastases after a positive sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in breast cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of two previously published nomograms (MSKCC, Stanford) and to develop an alternative model with the best predictive accuracy in a Czech population. In the basic population of 330 SLN-positive patients from the Czech Republic, the accuracy of the MSKCC and the Stanford nomograms was tested by the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC).

[Surgical treatment of breast cancer in the Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute].

Breast cancer represents the most frequent malignancy in women in the Czech Republic. Although surgery plays the basic role in the therapy of its early stages there hasn't existed any specialized training in surgical oncology in our country so far. Majority of patients are surgically treated at departments of general surgery where sometimes outdated procedures are used as we know from our own experience.

Preoperative radiotherapy and concomitant capecitabine treatment induce thymidylate synthase and thymidine phosphorylase mRNAs in rectal carcinoma.

This work is intended to study the effect of preoperative capecitabine and radiotherapy treatment on the levels of thymidylate synthase (TS), thymidine phosphorylase (TP) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) mRNAs in rectal carcinoma. 55 patients with locally advanced rectal carcinoma (cT3-4, N0, M0 or cT2-4,N+, M0) were treated with capecitabine 825 mg/m2 twice a day and pelvic radiotherapy 1,8 Gy daily up to cumulative dose of 45 Gy, boosting up to 50,4 Gy. Patients underwent surgery 6th week after the completion of chemoradiotherapy.

Sentinel node biopsy in breast cancer: short time results show appropriate regional control.

Sentinel node biopsy becomes a standard diagnostic and therapeutic tool in breast cancer in certain indications, while in other indications its validity is still reviewed. The authors present their experience with this method. In the years 2000-2006 700 patients underwent surgery.

Neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma with concomitant radiotherapy and oral capecitabine.

Purpose: Concomitant chemoradiotherapy prior to surgery of locally advanced rectal carcinoma (clinical T3- 4, and/or N+) might improve the therapeutic results. We report on our clinical experience with 34 patients receiving concurrent preoperative radiotherapy and capecitabine.

Patients And Methods: Between September 2001 and March 2003, 34 patients with a median age of 62 years (range 18-75 years) were treated for adenocarcinoma of the rectum.

Pilot study of sole conformal peroperative interstitial brachyradiotherapy of early stage breast carcinoma using high-dose rate afterloading.

In this study of high-dose-rate brachyradiotherapy to the lumpectomy site as the sole radiation are documented a three-dimensional treatment planning and preliminary results of accelerated partial- breast irradiation. From March 2002 to July 2004 25 patients were prospectively included in this study. Six patients were excluded becuase of definitive histology of lobular carcinoma or positive margin.

[Principles of post-resection brachytherapy of solid tumors using high dose rate (HDR) afterloading].

Postresection interstitial brachytherapy is one of the modern methods of radiotherapy the aim of which is to administer a larger radiation dose without greater irradiation of the surrounding sound tissues. The administration of higher radiation doses leads in some solid tumours to better local control of the disease and makes it thus possible to use the organ and its function after preserving surgical operations. Post-resection interstitial brachytherapy belongs in the wider concept to intraoperative radiotherapy the advantage of which is direct control of the irradiated area during surgery.

[Sentinel lymphadenectomy in malignant cutaneous melanoma--short-term results and prognostic significance].

The predictive value of sentinel node status in skin melanoma was studied. Between August, 2, 1994 and February, 20, 1998, in Surgical Department of Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, 166 lymphatic regions were explored in 153 patients with 154 melanomas. We were not able to visit any other institute performing this procedure, so our beginning failure rate has been quite high, approx.

[Myositis ossificans--a rare complication after axillary dissection].

We are showing a case of the myositis ossificans, appearing after the dissection of axilla simulating a metastasis of a malignant melanoma. In these circumstances this is a very rare case. It can, however, lead to an unnecessary operation.

[A surgical technique for partial mastectomy].

The authors are describing the technique of the partial mastectomy for the breast cancer in this work, as used in the Masaryk oncological institute. For easy understanding they are adding illustrations of the singular phases of this operation. They are also discussing the indications and are showing a short historical review of the authors having published the results of this surgery.

[Partial mastectomy in the treatment of breast cancer].

In the submitted paper the authors summarize findings on conservative surgery in the treatment of breast cancer. Based on data in the literature and their own experience with surgical treatment of breast cancer of all stages and a detailed analysis of a group of 52 conservatively treated patients, the authors discuss indications for this treatment which must respect staging, typing and grading of tumours as well as attitudes of patients. In particular in tumours classified as T1, NO, MO (as well as T2, NO, MO up to 3 cm) with a non-central localization it is possible by using conservative surgery to avoid somatic mutilation and psychic sequelae of radical procedures.