Healthcare (Basel)
August 2024
This study aimed to investigate the effects of prolonged inhalation of nature-derived odors indoors on humans. Twenty-six women participated in this study. Heart rate variability, heart rate, blood pressure, pulse rate, estradiol, testosterone, and cortisol were used as indicators of autonomic nervous system and endocrine system activities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study aimed to investigate the effect of short-term inhalation of fir essential oil on autonomic nervous activity in middle-aged women. Twenty-six women (mean age, 51.0 ± 2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Environ Res Public Health
April 2022
Numerous studies have reported a significant increase in stress experienced by students owing to the COVID-19 pandemic. Recently, interest in stress management using nature-derived substances has increased. However, studies examining the effects of olfactory stimulation by fir are lacking.
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