Adherence and Treat-to-Target Benchmarks in Older Adults With Gout Initiating Urate-Lowering Therapy in Ontario, Canada: A Population-Based Study.

Objective: We sought to evaluate urate-lowering therapy (ULT) adherence and treatment-to-target (T2T) serum uric acid (SUA) levels among older adults with gout starting ULT.

Methods: We performed a population-based retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada in patients with gout aged ≥66 years newly dispensed ULT between 2010 and 2019. We defined successful T2T as patients having SUA levels <360 μmol/L (6 mg/dL) within 12 months after ULT dispensation.

Serum Urate Monitoring Among Older Adults With Gout: Initiating Urate-Lowering Therapy in Ontario, Canada.

Objective: To assess the proportion of, and factors associated with, older adults with gout receiving a serum urate (SUA) test after starting urate-lowering therapy (ULT).

Methods: We performed a population-based retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada in patients ages ≥66 years with gout, newly dispensed ULT between 2010 and 2019. We characterized patients with SUA testing within 6 and 12 months after ULT dispensation.

Cardiac Incidental Findings on Abdominopelvic Computed Tomography: Prevalence and Association with Subsequent Cardiovascular Events.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of reportable cardiac findings detected on abdominopelvic CTs and the association with subsequent cardiovascular events.

Materials And Methods: We performed a retrospective search of electronic medical record of patients who underwent abdominopelvic CT between November 2006 and November 2011 with a clinical history of upper abdominal pain. A radiologist blinded to the original CT report reviewed all 222 cases for the presence of pertinent reportable cardiac findings.

Can AI distinguish a bone radiograph from photos of flowers or cars? Evaluation of bone age deep learning model on inappropriate data inputs.

Objective: To evaluate the behavior of a publicly available deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) bone age algorithm when presented with inappropriate data inputs in both radiological and non-radiological domains.

Methods: We evaluated a publicly available DCNN-based bone age application. The DCNN was trained on 12,612 pediatric hand radiographs and won the 2017 RSNA Pediatric Bone Age Challenge (concordance of 0.

eIFiso4G Augments the Synthesis of Specific Plant Proteins Involved in Normal Chloroplast Function.

The plant-specific translation initiation complex eIFiso4F is encoded by three genes in Arabidopsis ()-genes encoding the cap binding protein eIFiso4E () and two isoforms of the large subunit scaffolding protein eIFiso4G ( and ). To quantitate phenotypic changes, a phenomics platform was used to grow wild-type and mutant plants (, , , , and []) under various light conditions. Mutants lacking both eIFiso4G isoforms showed the most obvious phenotypic differences from the wild type.

C2 Fractures in the Elderly: Single-Center Evaluation of Risk Factors for Mortality.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify features associated with increased mortality risk in traumatic C2 fractures in the elderly, including measures of comorbidity and frailty.

Overview Of Literature: C2 fractures in the elderly are of increasing relevance in the setting of an aging global population and have a high mortality rate.

Clinics in diagnostic imaging (191). Multiple system atrophy-cerebellar type (MSA-C).

A 49-year-old Chinese man was evaluated for progressive uncoordinated movements, dysphagia and urinary symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a cruciform pattern of T2-weighted hyperintensity within the pons and selective atrophy of the cerebellar hemispheres and pons. The clinical history and radiological findings were consistent with a diagnosis of multiple system atrophy-cerebellar type.

Clinics in diagnostic imaging (190). Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord (SCD).

A 54-year-old man presented with progressive onset of lower limb paraesthesias, sensory ataxia, gait instability and lower limb weakness. Laboratory findings revealed low serum B12 levels. Magnetic resonance imaging showed long-segment symmetrically increased T2 signal within the dorsal columns of the spinal cord in the lower thoracic spine.

Discovery and characterization of conserved binding of eIF4E 1 (CBE1), a eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding plant protein.

In many eukaryotes, translation initiation is regulated by proteins that bind to the mRNA cap-binding protein eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E). These proteins commonly prevent association of eIF4E with eIF4G or form repressive messenger ribonucleoproteins that exclude the translation machinery. Such gene-regulatory mechanisms in plants, and even the presence of eIF4E-interacting proteins other than eIF4G (and the plant-specific isoform eIFiso4G, which binds eIFiso4E), are unknown.

Clinics in diagnostic imaging (188). Transient global amnesia (TGA).

A 60-year-old woman was travelling on a plane with her spouse when she suddenly developed acute-onset disorientation to time and space. According to her husband, she repetitively questioned her whereabouts and complained of a minor headache. Upon landing, she was immediately brought to the emergency room and subsequent magnetic resonance imaging was performed, which showed multiple punctate 2-3 mm regions of diffusion-weighted imaging hyperintensity in the medial aspects of both temporal lobes.

Current Applications and Future Impact of Machine Learning in Radiology.

Recent advances and future perspectives of machine learning techniques offer promising applications in medical imaging. Machine learning has the potential to improve different steps of the radiology workflow including order scheduling and triage, clinical decision support systems, detection and interpretation of findings, postprocessing and dose estimation, examination quality control, and radiology reporting. In this article, the authors review examples of current applications of machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques in diagnostic radiology.

Implementation of Digital Awareness Strategies to Engage Patients and Providers in a Lung Cancer Screening Program: Retrospective Study.

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Despite mandated insurance coverage for eligible patients, lung cancer screening rates remain low. Digital platforms, including social media, provide a potentially valuable tool to enhance health promotion and patient engagement related to lung cancer screening (LCS).

Optimizing the Use of Electronic Health Records to Identify High-Risk Psychosocial Determinants of Health.

Background: Care coordination programs have traditionally focused on medically complex patients, identifying patients that qualify by analyzing formatted clinical data and claims data. However, not all clinically relevant data reside in claims and formatted data. Recently, there has been increasing interest in including patients with complex psychosocial determinants of health in care coordination programs.

Penis Transplantation: First US Experience.

Objective: We describe the first successful penis transplant in the United States in a patient with a history of subtotal penectomy for penile cancer.

Background: Penis transplantation represents a new paradigm in restoring anatomic appearance, urine conduit, and sexual function after genitourinary tissue loss. To date, only 2 penis transplants have been performed worldwide.

JOURNAL CLUB: Structured Feedback From Patients on Actual Radiology Reports: A Novel Approach to Improve Reporting Practices.

Objective: Patient perceptions of radiology reports are largely unknown. The objective of the present study is to describe our experience receiving structured feedback from patients on actual radiology reports as a means of improving reporting practices.

Materials And Methods: Eight reports (two for radiographs, two for ultrasound images, two for CT scans, and two for MR images) were randomly selected from our system for review.

Fully Automated Deep Learning System for Bone Age Assessment.

Skeletal maturity progresses through discrete phases, a fact that is used routinely in pediatrics where bone age assessments (BAAs) are compared to chronological age in the evaluation of endocrine and metabolic disorders. While central to many disease evaluations, little has changed to improve the tedious process since its introduction in 1950. In this study, we propose a fully automated deep learning pipeline to segment a region of interest, standardize and preprocess input radiographs, and perform BAA.

Anterior Surgical Fixation for Cervical Spine Flexion-Distraction Injuries.

Background: Optimal surgical management for flexion-distraction cervical spine injuries remains controversial with current guidelines recommending anterior, posterior, and circumferential approaches. Here, we determined the incidence of and examined risk factors for clinical and radiographic failure in patients with 1-segment cervical distraction injuries having undergone anterior surgical fixation.

Methods: A retrospective review of 57 consecutive patients undergoing anterior fixation for subaxial flexion-distraction cervical injuries between 2008 and 2012 at our institution was performed.

A Novel Model for Predicting Rehospitalization Risk Incorporating Physical Function, Cognitive Status, and Psychosocial Support Using Natural Language Processing.

Background: With the increasing focus on reducing hospital readmissions in the United States, numerous readmissions risk prediction models have been proposed, mostly developed through analyses of structured data fields in electronic medical records and administrative databases. Three areas that may have an impact on readmission but are poorly captured using structured data sources are patients' physical function, cognitive status, and psychosocial environment and support.

Objective Of The Study: The objective of the study was to build a discriminative model using information germane to these 3 areas to identify hospitalized patients' risk for 30-day all cause readmissions.

Differing Interpretations of Report Terminology Between Primary Care Physicians and Radiologists.

Purpose: The lexicons of the radiologist and the referring physician may not be synonymous, which could cause confusion with radiology reporting. To further explore this possibility, we surveyed radiologists and primary care physicians (PCPs) regarding their respective interpretations of report terminology.

Methods: A survey was distributed to radiologists and PCPs through an internal listserv.

Target fluorescence in-situ hybridization (Target FISH) for plasma cell enrichment in myeloma.

Background: Cytogenetic abnormalities are important prognostic markers in plasma cell myeloma (PCM) and detection is routinely performed by interphase fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) with a panel of probes after enrichment of the plasma cells in the bone marrow specimen. Cell sorting by immunomagnetic beads and concurrent labeling of the cytoplasmic immunoglobulin are the usual enrichment methods. We present an alternative method of plasma cell enrichment termed Target FISH, which is an automated system that combines the images of May-Grünwald- Giemsa (MGG) staining and FISH study on the same plasma cell for analysis.

Detection of Germline Mutation in Hereditary Breast and/or Ovarian Cancers by Next-Generation Sequencing on a Four-Gene Panel.

Mutation in BRCA1/BRCA2 genes accounts for 20% of familial breast cancers, 5% to 10% of which may be due to other less penetrant genes which are still incompletely studied. Herein, a four-gene panel was used to examine the prevalence of BRCA1, BRCA2, TP53, and PTEN in hereditary breast and ovarian cancers in Southern Chinese population. In this cohort, 948 high-risk breast and/or ovarian patients were recruited for genetic screening by next-generation sequencing (NGS).

Radiology Malpractice Claims in the United States From 2008 to 2012: Characteristics and Implications.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the frequency and liability costs associated with radiology malpractice claims relative to other medical services and to evaluate the clinical context and case disposition associated with radiology malpractice claims.

Methods: This HIPAA-compliant study was exempted from institutional review board approval. The Comparative Benchmarking System database, a repository of more than 300,000 medical malpractice cases in the United States, was queried for closed claims over a five-year period (2008-2012).