Multi-drug resistant gene mutation analysis in by molecular techniques.

Background And Objectives: Rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH), two most potent antibiotics, are prescribed to cure tuberculosis. , the causative agent of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), is resistant to these first-line drugs. Here, two molecular techniques were demonstrated such as PCR sequencing-based and GeneXpert assay for rapidly identifying MDR-TB.

Occurrence and characterization of β-lactamase-producing bacteria in biomedical wastewater and enhancement of antibiotic efficacy.

Wastewater discharged from hospitals is a recognized contributor to the dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their associated genetic traits into the environment. This study focused on the analysis of β-lactamase-producing pathogenic bacteria within untreated biomedical wastewater originating from various hospitals in Dhaka City, Bangladesh, as well as evaluation and structural activity relationship mentioned antibiotics were evaluated. drug design techniques were applied to identify the relationship with how the functional group impacts the binding energy.

Phylogeographic characterization of Burkholderia pseudomallei isolated from Bangladesh.

Background: Burkholderia pseudomallei possesses a diverse set of genes which encode a vast array of biological functions reflecting its clinical, ecological and phenotypic diversity. Strain variation is linked to geographic location as well as pattern of land uses. This soil-dwelling Gram-negative pathogen causes melioidosis, a tropical disease endemic in northern Australia and Southeast Asian regions including Bangladesh.

M gene targeted qRT-PCR approach for SARS-CoV-2 virus detection.

Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is the gold standard method for SARS-CoV-2 detection, and several qRT-PCR kits have been established targeting different genes of the virus. Due to the high mutation rate of these genes, false negative results arise thus complicating the interpretation of the diagnosis and increasing the need of alternative targets. In this study, an alternative approach for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA targeting the membrane (M) gene of the virus using qRT-PCR was described.

Characterization of the Emerging Enteropathogen Isolated from Urine Samples of Patients Attending Sapporo Area Hospitals, Japan.

Recently, has been identified as a causative agent of diarrhea in humans and is often misidentified as diarrheagenic (DEC), a lactose-nondegrading bacterium. In this study, we performed biochemical characterization, gene possession status, drug susceptibility testing, and sequencing analysis of the strains detected in urine samples. One urea-degrading strain was detected in terms of biochemical characteristics, but was found to be nonurea-degrading by another method, leading to conflicting results.

Draft-genome analysis provides insights into the virulence properties and genome plasticity of Vibrio fluvialis organisms isolated from shrimp farms and Turag river in Bangladesh.

Vibrio fluvialis is an opportunistic waterborne and seafood-borne enteric pathogen capable of causing severe diarrhea leading to death. This pathogen is endemic to Bangladesh, a country which is a major producer of cultured shrimp and wild-caught prawns. In this study, we carried out whole-genome sequencing of three V.

Genotypic distribution and prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in an apparently healthy female population in Bangladesh.

Objective: Human papillomavirus (HPV) comprises around 120 genotypically related viruses, classified into low- and high-risk HPVs, which are capable of replicating inside the keratinocytes of skin or mucous membranes. Studies suggest that infections with HPV-16 or HPV-18 have a higher rate of developing cancer. The aim of our study was to detect HPV early, and to estimate the genotype-specific prevalence of HPV in apparently healthy and asymptomatic females in Bangladesh.

Salmonellacidal antibody response to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi in enteric fever and after vaccination with Vi capsular polysaccharide.

Objectives: Serum salmonellacidal (bactericidal) antibody could be used to detect functional capacity of antibody in patients with enteric fever and after typhoid vaccination.

Methods: Salmonellacidal antibody response was measured by colorimetric serum salmonellacidal assay from 70 acute and 11 convalescence sera of patients infected with Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A and also from 15 control and 6 Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccinated volunteer's sera.

Results: Sera from patients with typhoid and paratyphoid A showed significant (p < 0.

Invasive Fungal Infections in Under-Five Diarrheal Children: Experience from an Urban Diarrheal Disease Hospital.

Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are opportunistic, especially in immunocompromised and hospitalized patients. Children with IFIs are more vulnerable to a fatal outcome. For early diagnosis and treatment, knowledge of the spectrum and frequency of IFIs among children is prerequisite.

Evaluation of plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA as a biomarker for Epstein-Barr virus-associated Hodgkin lymphoma.

Objectives: Epstein-Barr virus is a tumorigenic virus and has been extensively studied as a causative agent for Hodgkin lymphoma. Although immunostaining of the tumor biopsy is the standard method for diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus-driven Hodgkin lymphoma, the invasiveness of the procedure renders it difficult and less desirable for the patients. Therefore, we designed this study to evaluate the efficiency of plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA detection as an alternative diagnostic and prognostic method for Epstein-Barr virus-associated Hodgkin lymphoma.

Oral immunization of Escherichia albertii strain DM104 induces protective immunity against Shigella dysenteriae type 4 in mouse model.

The recent rise of antibiotic resistance and lack of an effective vaccine make the scenario of shigellosis alarming in developing countries like Bangladesh. In recent years, our group reported the vaccine efficacy of a non-pathogenic Escherichia albertii strain DM104 in different animal models, where an ocularly administered vaccine in the guinea pig eye model against Shigella dysenteriae type 4 challenge showed high protective efficacy and also induced a high titer of serum IgG against S. dysenteriae type 4 whole cell lysate (WCL) and LPS.

Mutational profiles of marker genes of cervical carcinoma in Bangladeshi patients.

Background: Cervical cancer is a gynecologic cancer type that develops in the cervix, accounting for 8% mortality of all female cancer patients. Infection with specific human papillomavirus (HPV) types is considered the most severe risk factor for cervical cancer. In the context of our socioeconomic conditions, an increasing burden of this disease and high mortality rate prevail in Bangladesh.

Presence of blaCTX-M antibiotic resistance gene in Lactobacillus spp. isolated from Hirschsprung diseased infants with stoma.

Introduction: Although antibiotics have revolutionized health care by saving lives, the evolution of both pathogenic and commensal antibiotic-resistant bacteria are emerging as a threat in the health sector. As for Lactobacillus spp., it is usually a non-pathogenic bacteria.

Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Diclofenac Sodium, Prednisolone and Atorvastatin in Combination with Ascorbic Acid.

Objectives: Inflammation is our body's normal defense mechanism, but in some cases, it may be responsible for causing different kinds of disorders. Several antiinflammatory drugs are present for the treatment of these disorders; however, the conventional anti-inflammatory drugs cause side effects when used in the long term and therefore, it is better to use them in a low dose for a shorter duration of time. This study was designed to find out whether there is an augmentation of the therapeutic effectiveness of the antiinflammatory drugs like diclofenac sodium (NSAID), prednisolone (steroid) and atorvastatin (statin) when used in combination with ascorbic acid (antioxidant).

Protection against shigellosis caused by Shigella dysenteriae serotype 4 in guinea pigs using Escherichia albertii DM104 as a live vaccine candidate strain.

Recently, we reported the induction of protective immunity by environmental Escherichia albertii strain DM104 against Shigella dysenteriae in guinea pig model. In this study, we assessed three different immunization routes, such as intranasal, oral, and intrarectal routes, and revealed differences in immune responses by measuring both the serum IgG and mucosal IgA antibody titers. Protective efficacy of different routes of immunization was also determined by challenging immunized guinea pigs against live S.

Unexpected genomic relationships between Bacillus anthracis strains from Bangladesh and Central Europe.

The zoonosis anthrax caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis has a broad geographical distribution. Active enzootic areas are typically located away from central and northern Europe where cases of the disease occur only sporadically and in limited numbers. In contrast, a few out of the 64 districts of Bangladesh are hyper-endemic for anthrax and there the disease causes major losses in live-stock.

Genome Sequence of Bacillus anthracis Strain Tangail-1 from Bangladesh.

Soil was collected in July 2013 at a site where a cow infected with anthrax had been the month before. Selective culturing yielded Bacillus anthracis strain Tangail-1. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of this Bacillus anthracis isolate that belongs to the canonical A.

Genotype Analysis of Bacillus anthracis Strains Circulating in Bangladesh.

In Bangladesh, anthrax, caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis, is considered an endemic disease affecting ruminants with sporadic zoonotic occurrences in humans. Due to the lack of knowledge about risks from an incorrect removal of infected carcasses, the disease is not properly monitored, and because of the socio-economic conditions, the situation is under-reported and under-diagnosed. For sensitive species, anthrax represents a fatal outcome with sudden death and sometimes bleeding from natural orifices.

Prevalence of genotypes and subtypes of hepatitis B viruses in Bangladeshi population.

The genetic variability of hepatitis B virus (HBV) represents a challenge for the sensitivity of immunologic and molecular based assays. Based on sequence divergences in the entire genome of >8 %, HBV genomes have been classified into ten genotypes designated as A to J. The aim of this study was to determine HBV genotypes and subtype in samples of HBV infected patients in Bangladesh.

Burkholderia pseudomallei: Its Detection in Soil and Seroprevalence in Bangladesh.

Background: Melioidosis, caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, is an endemic disease in Bangladesh. No systematic study has yet been done to detect the environmental source of the organism and its true extent in Bangladesh. The present study attempted to isolate B.

An environmental Escherichia albertii strain, DM104, induces protective immunity to Shigella dysenteriae in guinea pig eye model.

The environmental Escherichia albertii strain DM104, which cross-reacts serologically with Shigella dysenteriae was assessed for pathogenic properties, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy in different animal models to evaluate it as a vaccine candidate against S. dysenteriae, which causes the severe disease, shigellosis. The DM104 isolate was found to be non-invasive and did not produce any entero- or cyto-toxins.

Analysis of Different Prognostic Indicators for Malnutrition and Shigella flexneri Infection Among the Children in Bangladesh.

The present study investigates into some socio-economic, demographic, and nutritional features that can predispose Bangladeshi children to malnutrition and Shigella flexneri infection. Significant prognostic indicators associated with malnutrition were mother's illiteracy (unadjusted odds ratio, OR = 2.580; 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.

Reduction of Sodium Arsenite-Mediated Adverse Effects in Mice using Dietary Supplementation of Water Hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) Root Powder.

Background: In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of water Hyacinth Root Powder (HRP) on arsenic-mediated toxic effects in mice.

Methods: Swiss albino mice, used in this study, were divided into four different groups (for each group n=5). The control group was supplied with normal feed and water, Arsenic group (As-group) was supplied with normal feed plus arsenic (sodium arsenite)-containing water, and arsenic+hyacinth group (As+Hy group) was supplied with feed supplemented with HRP plus arsenic water.