Environmental quality and its impact on total fertility rate: an econometric analysis from a new perspective.

Background: Environmental quality significantly affects various aspects of human existence. This study employs ecological footprint as a proxy to assess the impact of environmental quality on the TFR, measured as births per woman. This study investigates the extent to which ecological footprint indicators impact on the TFR in across 31 countries between from 1990 to 2017.

Toxicity risks associated with heavy metals to fish species in the Transboundary River - Linked Ramsar Conservation Site of Tanguar Haor, Bangladesh.

The presence of trace metals in aquatic ecosystems can have detrimental effects on fish survival. The Tanguar haor, a Ramsar conservation wetland, receives sediment and water from multiple transboundary rivers. However, there have been limited studies on the metal concentrations in fish species in this sediment-rich wetland.

Machine learning analysis to interpret the effect of the photocatalytic reaction rate constant (k) of semiconductor-based photocatalysts on dye removal.

Photocatalytic reactions with semiconductor-based photocatalysts have been investigated extensively for application to wastewater treatment, especially dye degradation, yet the interactions between different process parameters have rarely been reported due to their complicated reaction mechanisms. Hence, this study aims to discern the impact of each factor, and each interaction between multiple factors on reaction rate constant (k) using a decision tree model. The dyes selected as target pollutants were indigo and malachite green, and 5 different semiconductor-based photocatalysts with 17 different compositions were tested, which generated 34 input features and 1527 data points.

Postoperative wound infection by nontuberculous mycobacteria; case series in Dhaka Medical College Hospital of Bangladesh.

The incidence of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections after operations is increasing in Bangladesh but data regarding clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis after treatment are lacking. In this case series, three patients having persistent serous discharge from incision wound after operation were studied. Discharge from wounds were collected, wet film microscopy was performed for pus cells and fungus, Gram stain, Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain, culture in routine culture media and Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) media, Xene-Xpert for mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for NTM were done.

Lead-free novel perovskite BaAsI: First-principles insights into its electrical, optical, and mechanical properties.

Lead-free halide perovskites are a crucial family of materials in the fabrication of solar cells. At present, Solar cells are facing several challenges such as mechanical and thermodynamic instability, toxicity, unsuitable optical parameters, bandgap, and absorption coefficient. BaAsI is a halide perovskite which has demonstrated good efficiency and tremendous promise for usage in solar cell applications, and it offers a possible solution to these issues.

Urban-rural difference in factors associated with childhood functional difficulty in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: Early childhood functional difficulty poses a substantial worldwide public health challenge, leading to adverse effects on children's quality of life and overall productivity. Moreover, it represents a significant social and economic problem in Bangladesh. Therefore, the current study aimed to identify factors contributing to childhood functional difficulty in Bangladesh within the context of urban-rural areas.

GIS based method for mapping actual LULC by combining seasonal LULCs.

One of the most significant applications of remote sensing data is to prepare land use and land cover (LULC) maps. LULC maps are always affected by seasonality and a single LULC map of a particular month is prepared to represent a year in most of the research, especially in change detection research. This does not represent the real view of the landscape because the seasonal variation of different LULC types is always overlooked.

Prevalence and Determinants of Diarrhea, Fever, and Coexistence of Diarrhea and Fever in Children Under-Five in Bangladesh.

Diarrhea and fever are prevalent childhood illnesses with potentially severe consequences, especially when they co-occur. This study investigates the prevalence and determinants of diarrhea, fever, and their coexistence among children under-five in Bangladesh. Data from the 2017-2018 Bangladesh Demography and Health Survey (BDHS) were analyzed using multivariable stepwise logistic regression with backward selection.

Chimeric GFP-uracil based molecular rotor fluorophores.

Uracil has been modified at the 5-position to derive a small library of nucleobase-chromophores which were inspired by green fluorescent protein (GFP). The key steps in the syntheses were Erlenmeyer azlactone synthesis followed by amination by use of hexamethyl disilazane (HMDS) to produce the imidazolinone derivatives. The uracil analogues displayed emission in the green region of visible spectrum and exhibited microenvironmental sensitivity exemplified by polarity-based solvatochromism and viscosity-dependent emission enhancement.

A review of sample sizes for UK pilot and feasibility studies on the ISRCTN registry from 2013 to 2020.

Background: Pilot and feasibility studies provide information to be used when planning a full trial. A sufficient sample size within the pilot/feasibility study is required so this information can be extracted with suitable precision. This work builds upon previous reviews of pilot and feasibility studies to evaluate whether the target sample size aligns with recent recommendations and whether these targets are being reached.

Optimizing Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT) Colorectal Cancer Screening Using Gut Bacteriome as a Biomarker.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer mortality in the world. One of the most widely used screening tests for CRC is the immunochemical fecal occult blood test (iFOBT), which detects human hemoglobin from patient's stool sample. Although it is highly efficient in detecting blood from patients with gastro-intestinal lesions, such as polyps and cancers, the iFOBT has a high rate of false positive discovery.

Quantification of vesicoureteral reflux using machine learning.

Introduction: The radiographic grading of voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) images is often used to determine the clinical course and appropriate treatment in patients with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). However, image-based evaluation of VUR remains highly subjective, so we developed a supervised machine learning model to automatically and objectively grade VCUG data.

Study Design: A total of 113 VCUG images were gathered from public sources to compile the dataset for this study.

Perioperative outcomes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: An insight from the National Readmission Database.

Background: Data regarding hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) patients undergoing noncardiac surgery is lacking. We sought to examine the perioperative outcomes of HOCM patients undergoing noncardiac surgery using a national database.

Methods: We used the National readmission database from 2016 to 2019.

Pax protein depletion in proximal tubules triggers conserved mechanisms of resistance to acute ischemic kidney injury preventing transition to chronic kidney disease.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common condition that lacks effective treatments. In part, this shortcoming is due to an incomplete understanding of the genetic mechanisms that control pathogenesis and recovery. Identifying the molecular and genetic regulators unique to nephron segments that dictate vulnerability to injury and regenerative potential could lead to new therapeutic targets to treat ischemic kidney injury.

Complete genome sequence analysis of the multidrug resistant isolated for the first time from stinging catfish (Shing fish) in Bangladesh.

Objective: Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of Alim_AV_1000 isolated from ulcerative lesions of Shing fish (stringing catfish; ) was performed during the outbreak year 2021.

Materials And Methods: Using next-generation sequencing (Illumina) technology, WGS was accomplished, resulting in the sequencing, assembly, and analysis of the entire genome of the strain. Moreover, the genomic features, virulence factors, antimicrobial resistome, and phylogenetic analysis for the molecular evolution of this strain were also examined.

Deep Learning Framework for Liver Segmentation from -Weighted MRI Images.

The human liver exhibits variable characteristics and anatomical information, which is often ambiguous in radiological images. Machine learning can be of great assistance in automatically segmenting the liver in radiological images, which can be further processed for computer-aided diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is preferred by clinicians for liver pathology diagnosis over volumetric abdominal computerized tomography (CT) scans, due to their superior representation of soft tissues.

[3+2] Cascade Ring-Closing/Ring-Opening Strategy: Access to -Indene-Tethered Amino Alcohols.

An unprecedented atom-economic redox neutral regioselective Rh(III)-catalyzed cascade [3+2] annulation of 2-aryl oxazoline with α,β-unsaturated nitro olefins has been accomplished, furnishing a novel set of nitro-functionalized indene-tethered amino alcohols through a synergistic ring-closing/ring-opening strategy via the formation of two new C-C bonds and the regioselective cleavage of the C2-O bond of oxazoline under silver free mild reaction conditions with a broad substrate scope.

Patient perspectives of recovery from myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: An interpretive description study.

Aims And Objectives: Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), also called chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), is characterised by persistent fatigue, postexertional malaise, and cognitive dysfunction. It is a complex, long-term, and debilitating illness without widely effective treatments. This study describes the treatment choices and experiences of ME/CFS patients who have experienced variable levels of recovery.

Serum creatinine phosphokinase: A potential prognostic marker in assessing clinical severity with organophosphorus poisoning.

Introduction: Organophosphorus compound (OPC) poisoning undoubtedly being a major concern in cultivation sites of the developing world, including Bangladesh. Two potential biomarkers, for example, serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), are widely used in OPC poisoning severity indicators in patients. In this study, we sought to correlate the severity score of acute OPC poisoning with CPK or LDH level and subsequently explore their prognostic value.

A Systematic Review on Childhood Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: An Overlooked Phenomenon in the Health and Research Sector of Bangladesh.

Globally, childhood cancer, particularly non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs), is a prevalent concern. However, the difficulty becomes even more distressing in lower-middle-income nations such as Bangladesh. The insufficiency of research, resources, inadequate guidelines, expensive treatment costs, and specialized knowledge exacerbate the challenges associated with the treatment of certain types of cancers.

Enhancing the Combustion of Magnesium Nanoparticles via Low-Temperature Plasma-Induced Hydrogenation.

The hydrogenation of metal nanoparticles provides a pathway toward tuning their combustion characteristics. Metal hydrides have been employed as solid-fuel additives for rocket propellants, pyrotechnics, and explosives. Gas generation during combustion is beneficial to prevent aggregation and sintering of particles, enabling a more complete fuel utilization.

Synthesis, Properties, Applications, and Future Prospective of Cellulose Nanocrystals.

The exploration of nanocellulose has been aided by rapid nanotechnology and material science breakthroughs, resulting in their emergence as desired biomaterials. Nanocellulose has been thoroughly studied in various disciplines, including renewable energy, electronics, environment, food production, biomedicine, healthcare, and so on. Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) is a part of the organic crystallization of macromolecular compounds found in bacteria's capsular polysaccharides and plant fibers.

Neutrophils: Novel Contributors to Estrogen-Dependent Intracranial Aneurysm Rupture Via Neutrophil Extracellular Traps.

Background Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are more prevalent in women than men, and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage disproportionately affects postmenopausal women. These sex differences suggest estrogen protects against IA progression that can lead to rupture, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Although studies have demonstrated estrogen regulates inflammatory processes that contribute to IA pathogenesis, the role of neutrophils remains to be characterized.

Combined thermal ablation and liposomal granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulation factor increases immune cell trafficking in a small animal tumor model.

Purpose: To characterize intratumoral immune cell trafficking in ablated and synchronous tumors following combined radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and systemic liposomal granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulation factor (lip-GM-CSF).

Methods: Phase I, 72 rats with single subcutaneous R3230 adenocarcinoma were randomized to 6 groups: a) sham; b&c) free or liposomal GM-CSF alone; d) RFA alone; or e&f) combined with blank liposomes or lip-GM-CSF. Animals were sacrificed 3 and 7 days post-RFA.