Complete genome sequence of the pandrug-resistant strain KBR06 isolated from a cholera patient in Bangladesh.

poses a serious hazard to global health and causes cholera disease in humans. Here, we present the full-genome sequence of a pandrug-resistant strain KBR06 isolated from a cholera patient in Bangladesh that exhibited intermediate resistance to only two antibiotics out of 39 among 14 antibiotic categories.

Arjunolic acid modulate pancreatic dysfunction by ameliorating pattern recognition receptor and canonical Wnt pathway activation in type 2 diabetic rats.

Background: Arjunolic acid (AA) is a potent phytochemical with multiple therapeutics effects. In this study, AA is evaluated on type 2 diabetic (T2DM) rats to understand the mechanism of β-cell linkage with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) and canonical Wnt signaling. However, its role in modulating TLR-4 and canonical Wnt/β-catenin crosstalk on insulin signaling remains unclear during T2DM.

Bioactive compounds from and the effect of comosone II on the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells.

Bioassay-guided separation afforded furanodienone 1,10-epoxide () as the new compound, curcolone ( as partially described compound and ten known compounds; germacrone (), furanodienone (, curzerenone ), curcumenol (), zederone (), comosone II (), (1E,4E,8R)-8-hydroxygermacra-1(10),4,7(11)-trieno-12,8-lactone (), 13-hydroxygermacrone (), curcuzederone () and demethoxycurcumin (). The study showed that germacrone, furanodienone, curzerenone, comosone II, 13-hydroxygermacrone, curcuzederone and demethoxycurcumin are the bioactive compounds of rhizomes. Comosone II significantly inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell migration and invasion through the inhibition of MMP-9 enzyme.

Arjunolic acid downregulates elevated blood sugar and pro-inflammatory cytokines in streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic rats.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a worldwide health issue primarily due to failure of pancreatic β-cells to release sufficient insulin.

Purpose: The present work aimed to assess the antidiabetic potential of arjunolic acid (AA) isolated from Terminalia arjuna in type 2 diabetic rats.

Study Design: After extraction, isolation and purification, AA was orally administered to type 2 diabetic Sprague Dawley rats to investigate antidiabetic effect of AA.

Inhibitory Activity of Extract, Fractions, and Compounds from Zingiber montanum Rhizomes on the Migration of Breast Cancer Cells.

rhizomes are traditionally used for the treatment of numerous human ailments. The present study was carried out to investigate the inhibitory activity of the crude extract, chromatographic fractions, and purified compounds from rhizomes on the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. The effect of the extract on cell migration was investigated by a scratch assay, which showed significant inhibition in a concentration-dependent manner.

Oral toxicity of arjunolic acid on hematological, biochemical and histopathological investigations in female Sprague Dawley rats.

Background: Arjunolic acid (AA) is a potent phytochemical with wider pharmacological activities. Despite potential medicinal properties on various in vitro and in vivo studies, there is still a dearth of scientific data related to its safety profile and toxicological parameters. The current study aimed to investigate acute toxicity of AA in normal female Sprague Dawley rats.

Action of Phytochemicals on Insulin Signaling Pathways Accelerating Glucose Transporter (GLUT4) Protein Translocation.

Diabetes is associated with obesity, generally accompanied by a chronic state of oxidative stress and redox imbalances which are implicated in the progression of micro- and macro-complications like heart disease, stroke, dementia, cancer, kidney failure and blindness. All these complications rise primarily due to consistent high blood glucose levels. Insulin and glucagon help to maintain the homeostasis of glucose and lipids through signaling cascades.

Microsurgical management of benign lesions interior to the cavernous sinus: A case series.

Background: Benign lesion interior to the cavernous sinus (CS) is very rare.

Objective: In this series we found nonneoplastic lymphatic aggregation and osteoclastoma inside the CS which is very rare and probably not reported in literature. One interesting postoperative complaint of feeling of tickling down of warm water under the skin forehead was found in the patient of inflammatory disease of CS which is not reported in literature.

Abdominal schwannoma in a case of neurofibromatosis type 2: A report of a rare combination.

Neurofibromatosis-2 (NF2) is an autosomal-dominant disease, which is characterized by vestibular schwannomas (VSs) (acoustic neurinoma) as well as tumours of the peripheral and central nervous system, demonstrating a variety of expression. A 12-year-old girl presented to us with headache and ataxia for four months. We examined and found a lump in the right side of her abdomen.

Antinociceptive principle from Curcuma aeruginosa.

Background: The rhizome of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb (Zingiberaceae) has been used as a traditional folk medicine for the treatment of rheumatic disorders in Bangladesh. The aim of the current study was the bioassay-guided isolation and purification of an antinociceptive principle from the methanol extract of C. aeruginosa rhizomes.

C1-C3 Lateral Mass Screw-Rod Fixation and Fusion for C2 Pathologies and Hangman's Fractures.

Study Design: Retrospective clinical study.

Purpose: We report our experience of eight patients treated with C1-C3 lateral mass rod-screw stabilization and fusion in the treatment of Hangman's fracture and other axis pathologies.

Overview Of Literature: Different surgical approaches, both anterior and posterior, have been described for treating Hangman's fracture and other pathologies where surgery is indicated.

Cerebral aspergilloma in a SLE patient: A case report with short literature review.

Aspergillosis of brain is very rare, and commonly seen in immunocompromised or immunosuppressed patient. Here, we report a cerebral aspergillosis condition in a late teen girl who is a Systemic Lupus Erythromatosis patient with steroid therapy. She developed headaches, vomitings, and convulsions.

Intracranial nonvestibular neurinomas: Young neurosurgeons' experience.

Background And Objectives: Neurinoma arising from other than nonvestibular cranial nerves is less prevalent. Here we present our experiences regarding the clinical profile, investigations, microneurosurgical management, and the outcome of nonvestibular cranial nerve neurinomas.

Materials And Methods: From January 2005 to December 2011, the recorded documents of operated nonvestibular intracranial neurinomas were retrospectively studied for clinical profile, investigations, microneurosurgical management, complications, follow-up, and outcomes.

High cervical spinal schwannoma; microneurosurgical management: an experience of 15 cases.

Purpose: Schwannoma arising from high cervical spinal root are common among the spinal schwannomas.Here, we prospectively recorded the clinical features, radiological features, surgical approaches & findings,postoperative follow up & ultimate neurological outcome of high cervical spinal schwannomas and then we evaluated the records retrospectively.

Method: Here, schwannomas arising from C1, C2 and C3 spinal nerve roots were regarded as high cervical spinal schwannoma.

Surgical management of scalp arterio-venous malformation and scalp venous malformation: An experience of eleven cases.

Aims: Scalp arterio-venous malformation (AVM) and scalp venous malformation (SVM) are rare conditions that usually need surgical treatment. Here, we have reported our experience of the surgical management of such lesions with a short review of the literature.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective study, 11 patients with scalp AVM and SVM, who underwent surgical excision of lesion in our hospital from 2006 to 2012, were included.

Intracranial epidermoid tumor; microneurosurgical management: An experience of 23 cases.

Objectives: An intracranial epidermoid tumor is relatively a rare tumor, accounting for approximately 0.1% of all intracranial space occupying lesions. These are also known as pearly tumor due to their pearl like appearance.

Mitochondrial DNA mutations---candidate biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis in Bangladesh.

Breast cancer is a major health problem that affects more than 24% of women in Bangladesh. Further- more, among low-income countries including Bangladesh, individuals have a high risk for developing breast cancer. This study aimed to identify candidate mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis in Bangladeshi women to be used as a preventive approach.

Large cerebellopontine angle tuberculoma: a case report.

Tuberculoma involving the cerebellopontine angle is very rare. Preoperative neuroradiological features of such lesions may mimic neoplastic lesions and postoperative histopathological study brings the ultimate diagnosis. Here we present a patient with a large tuberculoma at the cerebellopontine angle who had another small lesion at the right fronto-basal region and was managed by surgical excision of the cerebellopontine angle lesion along with post-surgical antitubercular therapy for 18 months.

Antiulcer principle from Zingiber montanum.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Rhizome of Zingiber montanum has been extensively used as a folk medicine to ameliorate peptic ulcer at northern part of Bangladesh.

Aim Of The Study: To identify the antiulcer principle of the MeOH extract of the rhizome of Zingiber montanum by an ex vivo bioassay guided chromatographic separation and purification, and structure elucidation of the purified compound by spectroscopic methods.

Materials And Methods: Dried powder of Zingiber montanum rhizomes was extracted with MeOH.

Bony reconstruction by reposition of bony chips in suboccipital craniectomy.

In suboccipital craniectomy where the bone is not repositioned, there may be a significant cosmetic defect due to lack of skull bone in the suboccipital region. It may accompanied by sensory symptoms, including pain. To prevent any cosmetic defect and sensory symptoms we repositioned the bone chips at the craniectomy site in 42 suboccipital craniectomies before the closure of the scalp.

Carbazole is a naturally occurring inhibitor of angiogenesis and inflammation isolated from antipsoriatic coal tar.

Coal tar is one of the oldest and an effective treatment for psoriasis. Coal tar has been directly applied to the skin, or used in combination with UV light as part of the Goeckerman treatment. The use of coal tar has caused long-term remissions in psoriasis, but has fallen out of favor because the treatment requires hospitalization and coal tar is poorly acceptable aesthetically to patients.

Naturally occurring proteasome inhibitors from mate tea (Ilex paraguayensis) serve as models for topical proteasome inhibitors.

Proteasome inhibitors have emerged as a clinically important therapy for neoplastic disease, with velcade, an organoboron compound used extensively in multiple myeloma. Recently, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate has been found to be a potent inhibitor of the proteasomal chymotrypsin-like activity. Other compounds that inhibit angiogenesis and are active as chemopreventive agents, such as curcumin, also inhibit proteasome activity.

Saururus cernuus lignans--potent small molecule inhibitors of hypoxia-inducible factor-1.

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) represents an important tumor-selective therapeutic target for solid tumors. In search of novel small molecule HIF-1 inhibitors, 5400 natural product-rich extracts from plants, marine organisms, and microbes were examined for HIF-1 inhibitory activities using a cell-based reporter assay. Bioassay-guided fractionation and isolation, followed by structure elucidation, yielded three potent natural product-derived HIF-1 inhibitors and two structurally related inactive compounds.